-

1. Editorial …………………………………………..………………………..……..

2. Lehkhathawn : C. Thanga Chawngthu, Baktawng…………....…….

3. Articles :

Farmers’ Tour……………………………………………………………………………

- V. Thangliana, Chaltlang

4. Thlai Chi Thlak Tur Sawngbawl Dan…….………………..……...….

- C. Lalnithanga, SMS (PP)

5. Pa Taima Huang …………………………………………………….……..….

- R.K. Nithanga, ASSO

6. Agriculture (Hriat zau nan) …..……………………….……….…….….

- R.L. Thanzuala, Agronomist

7. Thlai Huan Enkawldan (Farm Management) ..…….……..…….

- R. Zoramthanga, AAIO

8. High Density Multispecies Cropping Farm……………………..…

- Lalhlunthanga, Ramhlun ‘N’

9. Mizoram Intodelhna Self-Help Group………...............................

- C. Lalhmingliana, Gen.Secretary, FARMFED

10. Pulses …………………………………………….………………………………..

- K. Laltanpuia, AAI, DAO(AE) Office

11. Thil Siam Dangte Chunga Ringtute Mawhphurhna.....……….

- Upa C. Hualkunga, Mission Veng

12. Reports: Trainers’ Training-cum-MAESA General

Conference…………………………..…………………………………………..

- R. Zoramthanga, AAIO

13. Large Scale Production, Mechanization, Privatization and

Marketing……………………………………………………………… ...........

- Lalthanzuala, M.Sc(Agri)

14. Plant Protection - Kan Himna………………………………………….

- C. Rokhuma, Mission Vengthlang

15. Baby Corn - A Potential Crop for Cultivation in Mizoram...

- K. Laxminarayana, N.S. Azad Thakur and D.K. Verma

16. Nematodes (Diseases and Control Method)……………………..

- Dr. Lalmuanzovi

-Keimahni … -Fiamthu …

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Jan. – March 2001

2003

Editor

Dr. O. P. Singh

Director of Agriculture

& Minor Irrigation

Joint Editors

H. Thankhuma

Dy. Director of Agriculture

(Extension)

Zoramthanga

AEO

R.Zoramthanga

AAIO

Cir. Manager

F.Sangkhuma

Zoram Loneitu-a

thu chhuah duh nei

emaw, lehkha thawn

duh emaw chuan a

hnuaia Address-ah

thawn tur a ni.

Editor

ZORAM LONEITU

P.O. Box – 098

Dte. of Agriculture,

Mizoram : Aizawl.

Pin - 796001

CONTENTS

Editorial…………

Kum 2001 AD kan lo chuangkai tan ta der mai le! Eizawnna hrang

hrang nei te hmachhawp bawhzui leh hma thar la turin kan buai leh ta

sang sang mai. Loneitute’n engtinnge hma thar kan lak ve dawn le?

Thufingin, “A bul tan that chu a chanve zo tluk kan ni” a tih kha hrerengin

hma I han la teh ang u.

Mizoram han thlir ila – mihring kan pung ve tual tual a. Chhiarpui

hmasa khan nuai ruk chuang hret kan awm a, kumin 2001 Chhiarpuiah

chuan mihring nuai kua dawn kan lo ni ve ta. Mihring pun angin kan ram

leilung lah chu a pung/zau ve chuang si lo. Chutih-ahnehin kan lo neih dan

dik tawk loh vang leh lei min thin avang tein buh leh bal thar tlakna ram a

zim tulh tulh zawk niin a lang. Engtinnge hma kan lak tak ang le? Kan ram

leilung bul leh bal hlawk taka thar chhuak reng tur chuan awmze nei a

hma lak leh intensive farming (ram zim zawk, hlawk leh tlo zawk a thlai

thar) lam a kal a tul tak meuh ta. Loneitute pawhin kan hmalaknaah

ruahman lawkna fel leh tha (plan and scheme) kan siam a ngai. Kan thlai

thar deh ralna tur te, thlai chaw heh deuh leh heh lo deuh te, thlai zung nei

thuk deuh chi leh zung pawnlang deuh nei te kan thliar thiam a, chin

chhawk te pawh kan uar a hun ta. Thlai thar tha (quality crops & seeds)

leh thar hlawk nan ‘fertilizer’ hman I tim lo ang u. Khawvel pum han thlirin

India ram hi ‘fertilizer’ hmang tlem berte zing a mi kan ni.

Awle, chhiartute duhsakna sang ber hlan chungin midangte tan

malsawmna ni turin hma I han la tlang teh ang u.

Lehkhathawn

To

The Editor

ZORAM LONEITU

Subject: Ngenna.

Editor Zahawmtak,

I chanchinbu ZORAM LONEITU hi a copy lo hmu ve thin tute zarah kan lo chhiar ve

thin a. Keini huan/lo neia ei zawngtute tan chuan zirtirtu leh kaihruaitu ropui a tling takzet

a. Keini khawtlang pawh hian zau zawka kan lo chhawr theihna turin kan khawtlanga

Library lian berah hian khawngaih takin a copy min rawn thawn ve thei la kan va duh teh lul

em!!!

Kan ngenna che hi mi rawn tihhlawhtlin sak theih chuan kan lawm hle ang.

Kan library chu hei hi a ni:

Hming : Venglai Branch YMA Library, Baktawng;

Registration No. : 358 of 1999

Recognized by : Mizoram State Library.

I rin tlak,

Sd/- C. Thanga Chawngthu

Chairman

Venglai Branch YMA Library

Sub-Committee

Baktawng

Dated Baktawng

The 21

st

February, 2001

FARMERS’ TOUR

- V. Thangliana

Chaltlang

Central Sawrkar sponsor-in India

ram state hrang hrangten Agriculture, Hor-

ticulture, etc. lama Entirsiak Ropui, Krishi

Expo-2001 chu February 24 atanga March

1, 2001 chhungin Pragati Maidan, New

Delhi khawpuiah neih a ni a. Chumi chhim

tur leh Zoram loneitute tana ram dangte

hnathawh dan leh zir turte zir chhuak turin

Mizoram Sawrkar-in Department kaltlang-

in loneitute min tir a. Mi 17 leh min hruai-

tute Pu Tlangtimawia AEO leh Pu Laltan-

puia, AAI hruaiin 20 February, 2001 khan

bus-in Mizoram kan chhuahsan a. Tluang

takin ni 21 February, 2001 tlai dar 3:00-ah

Guwahati kan thleng ta a. Ni 22 February,

2001 ah group 2-ah inthenin NE train leh

Brahmaputra Mail-in kan kalna tur New

Delhi kan pan leh ta a. Tluang tak leh nuam

takin zan thum leh ni hnih zet kan kal

hnuin ni 24 February, 2001 zing dar 9:00

ah Delhi kan thleng ta a ni.

Min hruaitute bengvar leh remhriat-

nain kan MP - Pu Vanlalzawma, Delhi-a Pa-

rliament Session lai a ni bawk a, a awm

remchan lai tak a ni leh zel a, Mizoram

House, kan thlennah chuan Session tul lai

tak karah a lokal a, interview min han nei

nghal a. Introduction neiin loneituten kan

lo leh huan enkawl dan kan hmachhawpte

min zawtin kan sawi theuh a, kan harsat-

nate kan hrilh a, min sut kian sak a inhuam

zia min hrilh a, kan cham chhunga kan

awm dan turte, rel ticket thlengin min

buaipui a tum thute, harsatna kan tawh

palh pawha tanpui min tiam thute min hri-

lh a. A lawmawmin thlamuanthlak kan ti

tak zet a ni. Loneitute zawng zawng, kan

leaderte nen a bungalow-ah breakfast min

siamsak a, lawmawm kan ti tak zet a ni. He-

tianga keini Zoram Loneitute vairam pawh

la hmu ngai lo, kan MP-in min lo dawng-

sawng mai hi kan rin phak loh a ni a, kan

tlangnel phah em em a ni. “A sual zawng a

nih loh phawt chuan tlangnel takin, Group

zin in nih ang takin discipline tha takin

awm ang che u” min ti chu ropui kan tiin

kan lawm tak meuh a ni.

Tichuan ni 24.2.2001 tlai dar 4-ah

Krishi Expo-2001 neihna hmun Pragati

Maidan-ah chuan Delhi khawpui chu a lo

inbuatsaih nasa mai a. Hall lian leh building

dangdai tak leh mawi tak bulah chuan Kri-

shi Expo-2001 chu hawnna inkhawm ropui

takin buatsaih a ni ta a. Loneitu state hrang

hrang atangin kan kal khawm a, sang hnih

atanga sang thum zet chu kan ni ang.

Central Minister Agriculture & Horticulture

etc, changtu Nelish Kumar leh State Minis-

ter ten thu sawiin hawnna inkhawm chu

hman a ni a. Central Minister leh State Mi-

nister ten India rama loneitute hi ram ei

leh bar dekchhuaktute kan nih zia, harsat-

na tamtak karah hnathawktute tanpui leh

duhsaka a theih ang anga hmalak pui zel an

inhuam thu, Central leh State sawrkarin a

pui zel ang che u min han ti chu kut kan

beng dur dur mai. Loneitu nih a nuamin a

nihlawhthlak kan ti takzet a ni.

He Hawnna Inkhawm programme

zawhah hian Krishi Expo-2001, state hrang

hrang ten an tana hall pek bikah an thlai

thar leh thil entir siak atana an tihte chu

kan en ta nghal a. Miin agriculture, horticu-

lture, forestry,etc.,ah ram an enkawl dan,

an hna thawh dan, hna an lo thawk tak tak

mai tih te kan hmu ta a, a ropui ngei mai.

Social works-ah miin hma an lak nasat dan

kan zir chhuak nasa hle. Mahni ram tana

thawkchhuak mai ni lo, ramdanga thawn-

chhuah tham an lo tum tak meuh tih te kan

hmu a. Antam, thlai thar chi hrang hrang

ram enkawl loh leh, ram enkawl danglam

dan model kan en chuan hmasawnna ropui

tak min hriattirin kan ram tan engtinnge

hma kan lak ang, ram thlai leh thing leh

mau chenin duat tak leh an tangkaina ber

tur anga hman tur a nih zia min zirtir a.

Power Tiller, Tractor, etc., hrang hrang min

entir a, an thlai thar tha tak tak an neih dan

leh enkawl dan a chi atanga an uluk zia min

han hrilh theih thlap mai a, hmasawnna

ropui tak kan chharchhuak a ni.

Tin, kan hotuten Indian Agriculture

Research Institute-ah min hruai a. Nilengin

farm-ah min kalpui a. Kan leader Pu Tlang-

timawia, AEO leh Pu Laltanpuia, AAI ten an

farm min fanpui a, min hrilhfiah zel a. Graf-

ting (thingzar thing danga zawm dan) te

min zirtir in min hmuh tir a. Kawlthei,

theihai grafting te min zirtir a, kan hlawk

tak zet mai. Antam, purun, grape, pangpar

leh thlai chi tinreng hmunpui kan en a.

Mizorama kan tih ve dan tur ngaihtuah zel

chungin kan hmu a, a ropui ngei mai.

Tin Green House min han fan pui leh

ta a. Aizawl khawpuia kan hall tiat tiat a

thlai, summer crops leh winter crops an

dah dan min entir leh ta a. Ka rilru-a lian

tak mai chu, ‘Aizawlah Green House kan

siam dan leh hman dan hi pangpar in ni

berin ka lo hre thin a. Pangpar dah thei leh

siam thei ten an dil a, min pe mai thin niin

hriat a ni a. Kan en lai ngei pawhin kan

hotute chu kan han zawtin kan han chhua-

hchhal titih mai zel a. Green House hman

dan tur dik tak boruak thlai tana tha lo te ti

tha tur a sum chang thlai dah leh chinnan

an lo hmang tangkai hle tih kan hmu chu

kan hlawk takzet a ni. Kan ramah pawh

Green House hmang hian eng thlai pawh hi

a van lai berah pawh hralhchhuah theih

turin kan ti ve in kan thar mai dawn a lo ni.

Green House hmangin vaimim hi entirnan

February leh March thal khawro laiin kan

han thar mai thei dawn a lo ni a. A hlawkin

sum tamtak kan la lut mai dawn a ni. Pang-

para kan milian leh neinung sum dehchh-

uah nan an lo hmang hi a tha hle tho a,

amaherawhchu Green House awmzia leh

state danga an hman dan hi kan hriat

chhuah thar a tul hle mai.

Tin Handicraft & Industries lama thil

siam chi hrang hrang kan en a. Miin thil an

lo ti tak tak a, eizawnna tlingin thil an ti tih

kan hmu hi kan hlawkpui hle.

Delhi-a kan cham chhung hian Pu

Rochila Saiawi, Secretary & Commissioner,

Agriculture & Horticulture etc. Mizoram

Sawrkar a Officer lian Central sawrkar-a

Mizoram tana hna pawimawh thawkin a lo

awm lai tak a ni a, Mizoram House a a room

bikah keini loneitute lengah min sawm in

interview min neihpui ta a, kan leader-te

nen inkawm in zalen takin leh inpawh

takin hun kan hmang a, Mizoram-a kan

Officer liante zingah keini loneitute tun min

hretham lovang kan tih laiin kan level ang

maiin nelawm em emin min kawm a, kan

Delhi kal kan thil hmuh leh hriat dante min

zawtin kan sawi a, min dawngsawng thiam

em em a, kan harsatna zawng zawngah a

theih anga tanpui a inhuamzia te min hrilh

a, loneitu rilru putak mai a min han kawm

chu kan lawm tak zetin kan thla a muang a,

amahah beiseina sang tak kan nei a ni.

Hetiang a Sawrkar milian Mizoramin kan

nei hi kan tangkai pui ngei ngei ang kan ti a

ni. Tin, Director, Agriculture & Minor

Irrigation, Mizoram pawh a awm ve a, ani

pawhin min phur pui hle a, farmer’s tour

member zawng zawng tan zanriah min

siamsak hial a, kan lawm tak zet ani.

Tin, Pu C. Lalengliana, Asst. Commis-

sioner, Central Vigilance Commission-te

nupa in an in-ah-loneitute zanriah min sia-

msak bawk a, an chungah kan lawm tak tak

a ni. Delhi-a kan thlenin kan Mizoram

House Liaison Officer leh a thawhpuiten

nuam takin mutna nuam tak leh eitur tui

takte leh duhsakna tinreng min chantir a,

duat takin min enkawl a, nuam kan tiin kan

lawm tak meuh a ni.

Kan hotuten min duhsak em em a,

kan zin programme tul tak karah 28

th

Feb-

ruary 2001 khan a hun lai leh vawiin thle-

nga khawvelin an sawi huai huai khawvel

thilmak Agra khawpui a Taj Mahal chu min

enpui ta a. A nihlawh thlak hle mai. Ti-

chuan, loneitute zin chhuak hian Pathian

hruaina kan chhuah dawn a kan dil angin

min chhangin tluang em emin kan khaw-

chhuak thei a, lawm thu kan sawi mawlh

mawlh a ni. Tichuan, 4

th

March 2001 khan

kan zin chu zovin Mizoram panin Delhi kan

chhuahsan leh ta a. Rail-in-Group khatah

kan chuang ta a, Aizawl chu dam tak in 6

th

March 2001 zingah kan thleng leh ta a ni.

He Farmer’s Tour-a kan thil hmuh

leh hriat loneitute leh Zoram mipui leh

Official tana hriat tul kan tihte han tarlang

ta ila:

1. Zoram ei leh bara kan intodelh thuai

thuai theih nan loneitu thawk tak tak tute

chu puiha, thawk theia siam hi a tul. State

danga loneitute an duhsak zia hre thar zual

ila.

2. Mizoram hi ei leh bara kan tun

dinhmun chu, mahni inchawm zo lo zero

point-a awm kan ni. Zero point hi in

chawmzo chiah nise, +O a awm tur chuan

Sawrkar, Department, mipuiin tan kan lak

nasat a tul tak zet a ni.

3. Hnathawk mahni inchawm zo huan

neitu nih hi a zahthlak lo, puitling si

hnathawh ngaihsak lo tei mai mai hi a

zahthlak a, mi hnawksak an ni.

4. Delhi khawpui han fan chuan a mi

chengte, Sawrkar ten, neitu an nih an in hre

tak tak a, vawnfai an tum a, vantlang chan

an dah pawimawh a, mimal an huangtau

hauh lo, vantlang pawisawi an duh lo a,

khawlai a ransa, nungcha, mihring an zalen

tlang, mitinin an tih tur an ti mai a ni.

5. Khawlai an vawngfai em em a, thing

phun leh pangpar etc. tuman an ti chhe lo,

main road atangin private/ sawrkar build-

ing a fala hmunawl zau tak tak awm a, com-

pound zauh tum mai hmel an lang ve lo.

6. Loneitute’n an lovah tuitakin an

thawk a, midang tana tangkai phah turin

hma an la a, ram an neih ang ang kha an

chhawr tangkai em em a ni. An rama tha

duh ber tur an ching a, an ram enkawl leh

Mizoram anga ram hnuai hlir duhamna

avanga kan ram tih a awm ve hauh lo.

7. Mizoram-ah pawh Sawrkar thuneih-

tute’n hnathawktute eizawnnan a hmang t-

ak tak tute chu Holder Pass pe sela, kan ra-

m ti satliah dam ramhnuai mai chu an enk-

awl theih anga zau bak pe lo se a tha ang.

LSC pek zung zung hi a tha ber lo mai thei.

8. Sawrkar-a a biktakin Agriculture leh

Horticulture etc. huan leh lo neia ei zawng-

tute officer leh field staff-ah huan leh lo

neihna hmunah ngei kalin en sela, thawk

tak tak tute tanpui tul ngei leh phu apiang-

te chu tanpui ngei sela, an enkawlna hmun-

ah an thiam lohna laite hrilh nghal zel se, a

hlawhtling thuai ang. Tanpuina hmu awm a

lang lo, thawk vak lote’n an chal lan leh

hotute biak an thiam avanga an hmuhin

thawk thate rilru a hnual duh.

9. Kan mithiam rual (expert in agricul-

ture etc.) hote’n phai ram milin thiam takin

an zir a, a tha e. Zoram hmun hrang hrang

chhak leh thlanga kan thlai chin tur chi tha

zawk leh intodelh phur taka kan tih theih

nan a hmun hma min hmuh puiin min hrilh

se, nasa takin kan phur ang.

10. Mizoram hian hma kan sawn

theihnan lo neih dan, huan kan siam danah

hian system thar kan mamawh, ram kan

nei tha si.

THLAI CHI THLAK TUR SAWNGBAWL DAN

- C.Lalnithanga

Subject Matter Specialist (PP)

Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl

Thlai hian natna chi hrang hrang a

vei thei a, natna awmtirtu natna hrik a zirin

thlai ven dan a danglam thliah a, damdawi

(fungicides, bactericides leh nematicides)

hman tur pawh a danglam a ni. Thlai natna

ven dan chi hrang hrang zinga awlsam ber

leh mawl ber, kawngro su tak si chu thlaic-

hi thlak hma natna hrikin a beih ngam loh

nana thlaichi sawngbawl hi a ni. Hei hi mi

tin tih theih a ni a, tihdam aiin inven a sawt

zawk tih ang khan thlai chi tuh hnua natna-

in a tlakbuak loh nana thlaichi tuh hmaa lo

sawng bawl hi a sawtin a tangkai em em a

ni.

Thlaichi-a natna a lo kai dan hi kaw-

ng hnih a ni deuh ber a. Kawng khat chu th-

laichi-ah khan natna hrik a lo awmsa a, chu

chu thlaichi han tuh emaw thlak hnu lawk

khan leia hnawng awm leh thlai chi a lo in-

hnek khan kha natna hrik kha a lo thang-

harh ta a, tichuan thlaichi kha a lo eichhia

a, a tiak thei ta lo a ni. A kawng dang leh

chu lei (soil) a natna hrik awmsa kha thlai-

chi thlak ve leh khan thlai chi-ah khan a kai

ta a, a tiah theih loh phah ta thin a ni.

Heng kan sawi tak natna avang hian

thlaichi hi tuh hmain uluk taka sawngbawl

hmasak a tul a ni. Chutianga thlaichi sawn-

gbawl dan kawng hrang hrangte chu lo en

ila.

1. A hmasa berah chuan thlaichi kan d-

ah that kha tuh hmain enthlithlai phawt tur

a ni. Amu pum tha, hmelhem lo, tiak thei

ngei awm thlan tur a ni. Hei bakah hian thl-

aichi zingah hian hnim (weed) chi a tel duh

hle a, chuvang chuan thlaichi kha thap fai

tur a ni bawk. A fang dep te, a hek te, pang-

angin a kher kuak te, rawngdang kai te pai-

h vek tur a ni. Tin, thlaichi kha a hlang tha

hle bawk tur a ni. Entirnan, buh chi chu vai-

mim chi emaw, mai chiin emaw a pawlh tur

a ni lo. Thlaichi hlui tawh reng reng chu

chin loh tur a ni. Thlaichi dam rei zawng

(viability period) phei chu a inang lo nain a

hlui tawh tih hriat reng chu chin loh tur a

ni, tha thlawn min sen tir mai mai ang.

Fu chi tur thlan hi hote anga lang

uluk ngai tak si a ni. A kung hrisel tak ami

chauh a chi atan sah tur a ni. Chubakah han

sahchhum hian fu chang kha en ila rawng-

sen in a kah chiai chuan a chi atan hman

loh tur a ni. He rawngsen kah fu hi a lo

awm chuan a natna hlauhawm tak “Red

rot” natna vei a ni tih hriat tur a ni.

2. A dawt lehah chuan thlaichi tuh ata-

na pum tha leh hmelhem lo thlanchhuah

kha tuh hmain nisa veng vawngah ni khat

tal pho tur a ni. Hei hian thlaichi pang leh a

chhunga natnahrik lo tawm ru kha enge-

maw zat a tihlum thei a ni. Duhthusamah

phei chuan thlaichi kha tuiah darkar li tal

chiah hmasa ila, a hnuah nisaah chuan pho

leh ila, hei hian thlaichia natnahrik a

tihhlum bakah thlaichi a ti tiak tha duh a ni.

3. Thlaichi pumtha him piala lang paw-

h hi a chhunglamah a lo nget ru thei a, chu-

vang chuan thlaichi kan mamawh tawk ang

kan thlansa chu chawhtawlhah emaw buc-

ket-ah emaw tui dah ila, tah chuan thlaichi

kha chhung ila, a him lo zawng chu a lo lang

nalh nalh ang a, chung a lang zawng chu

paih tur a ni. A mawnga tla khawm zawng

kha a chi thaa ngaih theih a ni.

4. Tichuan thlaichi kan ram zau lam

daih tur kan ruahman tawh, a pum tha ngei

tia a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang hmanga kan

thliar hran tawh chu la tuh nghal mai lovin

hetiang hian kan sawng bawl tur a ni. Thl-

aichi mum chi (granular seeds) ti mai ila,

heng buh te, vaimim te, behlawi te, bekang

te, bete te, mai te, fanghma leh a dang te hi

damdawi (seed treating fungicides) nen ch-

awhpawlh tur a ni. Damdawi pawlh tur zat

hi a tlangpuiin 3g lek a ni a, hei hi thlaichi 1

kg. nena pawlh tawk a ni. Thlaichia pawlh

tur damdawi hman lar thin, Mizorama kan

hmuh theih chi chu - Captan te, Thiram te

leh Bavistin te hi a ni. Tichuan heng damd-

awi kan sawi tak zinga a engemaw ber hi

lei ila, thlaichi kan mamawh zat hrechiang

bawk ila, kan mamawh tawk ang zelin da-

mdawi nen kan pawlh dawn a ni. A chaw-

hpawlh dan chu hetiang hian tih tur a ni.

Bur ruak eng pawh, a chhin nei, plastic bur

emaw, aluminium bur emaw, thira siam

bur emaw nei phawt ila. Tah chuan thlaichi

kha a zat hriatsa ngei kha dah ila, a hnawng

tawk lek turin tui theh thet ila. Vaimim chi

lo ni se, 3kg. lo tuh dawn ta ila, damdawi

kan hman tur chu Captan ni ta se, vaimim

chi 3kg nena kan pawlh tur chu 9g. a ni. Ti-

chuan bura vaimimchi awm nen chuan thin

pawlh tawh mai tur a ni. Thin hrep hnuah a

inpawlh that tawh chuan a tuh theih ta a ni.

Amaherawhchu hetianga damdawi nena

pawlh tawh thlaichi hi kan tuh dawn chuan

fimkhur thuhla-ah saranga kut tuam chun-

gin tuh tur a ni.

Tunlaia Agriculture leh Horticulture

Department-a thlaichi an zawrh thenkhat

hi chu hetiang damdawi kan sawi tak nena

chawhpawlhsa kha a ni a, a bawm pangah a

inziak deuh zel a ni. Hetiang thlaichi kan

chin dawn chuan a hmaa kan sawi ang

khan damdawi dang nena chawhpawlh leh

hranpa a ngai lo.

5. A hmaa kan sawi tak damdawi kha

kan nei remchang lo a nih chuan tih dan

dang tha ve tak a awm a, chu chu hetiang

hian tih tur a ni. Thlaichi kha tui lum 50 to

52 degree Celcius ah darkar chanve chiah

tur a ni. Amaherawhchu tui sat dan hi a

tawk hriat a ngai khawp mai.

6. Sawhthing leh aieng chi hi damdawi

chi dang Ridomol MZ 5 ml leh tui 1 litre

chawhpawlhah darkar chanve chiah a tha,

A chitur tam dan a zirin damdawitui hi

siam tam a siam tlem mai tur a ni.

7. Fu hi a chang tanchhum kha a chi a

ni mai a, hetiang hian a chi phum hmain

sawng bawl tur a ni; Bavistin 10 ml leh tui

100 ml chawhpawlhah fu chi kha darkar

khat chiah ila, hei hian natna lakah a veng

thei a ni.

8. Buh hi natna chi khat, a hmunral

natna an tih mai ‘Bacterial leaf blight’ laka

veng turin hetiang hian damdawi nen

chawhpawlh tur a ni. Leilet emaw thing-

tlang lo emaw, tin khat hmun atan buh chi

8 kg. lo tawk ta se, kha buhchi kha Ceresan

10 g leh Streptocycline 1 g leh tui 10 litres

chawhpawlhah darkar riat atanga darkar

sawm chiah tur a ni.

Heng kan sawi tak thlaichi sawng-

bawl dan kawng hrang hrangte hi kan

zawm phawt chuan kan thlaichi thlak kha a

hma aiin a lo tiak tha sawt dawn tihna a ni.

Pa Taima Huang

BUH THAR TAM PU HMINGTHANGA,

ELECTRIC VENG, AIZAWL KAWMNA

Nikum 2000 khan Pu Hmingthanga(Contractor), Electric Veng, Aizawl chuan thingtlanglo

neiin ei leh bara intodelh tura hmalakna atan buh a ching a. Tin 4000 lai a thar a ni. A lo neih

leh buh thar chungchanga kan officer-te zinga mi Pu R.K.Nithanga, ASSO nen an inkawmna lo

ngaithla ila. (RKN = R.K.Nithanga. HT = Pu Hmingthanga).

RKN: Chibai Pu Hming. Nikum 2000 khan

thingtlang lo zau tak neiin buh tha-

hnem tak I thar niin tualchhung chan-

chinbu atangin kan lo hria a. Kum

dangah te pawh thingtlang lo hi I lo

nei thin reng nge enchhinna angreng

I han nei? Eng rilru pua lo zau tak han

vat nge i nih le?

HT: E chibai, Pu Ni. Kan inhmu hi ka lawm

khawp mai. Ka theih angin ka han

chhang ang che:(1) Aizawl a kan luh

hnuah kum 6 lai chu thingtlang lo kan

nei ve tawh;(2) Enchhinna a ni lova.

Buh lo hi chu chaw atan kan la ring ve

thiam si lova. Kan Sawrkar leh Agri-

culture Department ten a hma lakna

tih hlawhtlin nan theihtawp chhuaha

tan lak ve hi kan tih tur niin ka hriaa.

RKN: Khawi hmunah nge lo chu I neih a,

eng ti-a zau nge I neih? Thlawhbua

nge ramchang I neih a, kum engzat

leng nge?

HT: Ka lo neihna chu Tlawng kam Silchar

road, Aizawl atanga km 38 velah khu-

an a ni. Mi ram LSC-a siam sa vek kan

lei a ni a. Ramchang a ni lem lo, kum7

leng a ni. Buh tuh kan thiam lo deuh

pawh a ni mai thei - tin 60 lai kan tuh.

RKN: Eng buh chi nge I chin? Khawia mi

nge?

HT: Kan buh chin chu chi thum a ni a.(1)

Tai tlai deuh chi (Kangpui);(2) Mang-

buh leh (3) Idaw (Buhban). Mangbuh

hi chu Khawzawl a mi kan lak a ni a, a

dang hi chu keimahni thar thin a ni.

RKN: Lovah nan tha engzat nge I sen? Hla-

whfa ruaia vat I ni phawt anga tiraw?

HT: Aw, hlawhfa kan ruai a, kan vat uluk

bawk a, tha 300 chuang kan seng.

RKN: A zau tham si a. Lohal ringawt pawh a

hautak fu lo maw? Lohal turin engzat

a tam nge thawk chhuak che u?

HT: Lo hal ni chuan ram dang kang tur

ven a ngai bawk si a. 20 dawn lai kan

thawk. Lo hal lam I han sawi takah

chuan, hisap nei deuh maia lo hal a

ngaihzia ka hre thar a. Hun remchang

a awm leh kan la sawi dawn nia.

RKN: Vawi engzat nge I thlawhchhuah a,

tha leh sum engzat nge hlo thlawh

nan I hman le?

HT: Hlo thlawh lam chu March thla a lo

kan hal kha a hnim hman a, buh tuh

hmain vawikhat kan thlo chhuak. Tin

buh tuh rualin kan thlo leh a. Buh to

hlim, kutphah chen vel a nihin kan

thlo tan leh a. Chumi hnuah vawikhat

dang kan thlo leh. Vawi li kan thlo

chhuak a nih chu. Kan sum sen zat

chu ka belh chhuak lo.

RKN: I lo ah hian buh ni lo thlai dang chin

pawlh I nei em? Eng thlai nge?

HT: Nei e. Kuhva pawh kan phun ve a.

Lakhuihthei sang tam vak lo leh

balhhla kan phun bawk.

RKN: Thingtlang lo neih hi leilung chung-

lang hang tha tihluanralna leh ram

tihchhiatna niin mithiamte chuan an

ngai a. Hemi chungchangah hian eng-

nge sawi tur I neih?

HT: Mithiam ngaihdan chu a dikna chin

chu a awm ngei ang. Mahse buh thar

turin thingtlang lo neih hi kan thlak

thei hrih lova. Leileh tur a tlem si a.

Khawpui chheh vel khaw tlemte tih

loh chuan huan thlaiin eikhawp kan

hmu zo lo niin ka hria a. Loneitu tam

berte tan kawng dang a vang si a.

Chuvangin kan ram hi ui vak theih a

ni lo. Tin Mizoram hi Pathianin min

pe tha a. Shifting cultivation in tih

anga kan hman hi kum 300 chuang

lai a nih tawh mai thei lawng maw?

Kum rei lo te-ah a tui leh mai a! A

thlaler maiin ka ring ve lem lo.

RKN: Tichuan kum 2000 chu a lo tawp ta a.

I lo tin 60 hmunah chuan engzat

chiah nge I thar tak?

HT: Buhban te nen chuan tin 4000 lai kan

thar a. Pathian malsawmna a ni a. Ti-

chhe theitu thli leh ruah leh zu-va

lakah min ven sak a. Kan phu loh

malsawmna a ni e.

RKN: I buh thar chu engtinnge I vawn that

a, engtia tihral nge I tum? Nangmahni

chhungkuain in ei ang em? Abak

engtia tih nge I tum?

HT: Kan theih angin Ni-ah kan phova, thl-

akhat lai kan pho tawh a. Tichuan

buhzemah kan khung mek a ni. 1996

pawh khan Tuha-zawn kan thar a.

Kar 3 lai kan phova. Kum 3-ah pawh

a la uk chuang lova, a lo dahthat theih

viau. Kumin a mi hi chu kan ei tur bak

chu kan hralh ve ang. Tin thenrual

thate kan hak ve nual a. Nang pawh I

duh chuan buhban (Idaw) ka lo pe ve

ang che.

RKN: I lo neihah hian hlawkna neiin I

inhria em, nge I hloh zawk?

HT: Ka lo neihah hian hlawk hlein ka in-

hre ve mai a. Buh thar chhuah ve

hrim hrim hi a tha ka ti. Chubakah

hnathawh tur nei lo engemawzatin

kum tluanin inhlawh nan an lo

hmang ve a, a tha ka ti.

RKN: Thingtlang lo neih hi chhunzawm

tlakah I ngai em, nge AMFU ho Pit

Method te hi I sawimawi ve zawk?

HT: Thingtlang lo neih hi chhunzawm

tlakah ka ngai a. Sawi tawh ang khan

a thlakna tur a awm vak hrih loin ka

hria. Pit Method hi a hna a tam riau in

ka hria a. Kan sawichhia ni lovin

chhip-zawn, kak-zawn thar a har

hmel viau in ka ring. Tha sen inangah

thingtlanglo neih dan pangngai hi a

hlawk zawk ka ring hrih.

RKN: Tun kumthar 2001 hian lo neih

lamah hmalakna I nei leh em, nge I

sim ta viau zawk?

HT: Ka sim lo khawp mai. Kan chul chu

kan thlo leh mek a. Buh tuh leh ila,

engzat emaw chu a la thar thei ang

em tih kan ngaihtuah a. Thurawntu

kan duh khawp mai.

RKN: I lo neih leh buh thar chungchangah

phurpuitu che mimal leh Sorkar

atangin I nei em? Tutenge?

HT: Ka rin aiin mi tamtakin min phurpui

a. Lawmpuina chibai min buktu pawh

an thahnem khawp mai! I hming-

puipa DAO West pawh kan lovah

vawi 2 a lo kal. Nang pawh hian min

lo phurpui hle mai a. Education

Director Pu Lura te leh College-a

lecturer engemawzat, Pu Dohmingth-

anga te, sawi vek sen a ni lovang a,

kan lo ram hmu ve duh hrim hrim an

thahnem khawp mai. Farmer Union

hotupa Pu Chalngura Zahau te pawh.

RKN: Mizoram loneitu tam zawk hi thing-

tlang lo nei kan la ni a. Chungte hnen-

ah chuan thu chah duh I nei em?

HT: Kei tehlul chu mi thu han rawn tlak

chu kan ni lem hauh lovang a. Mahse

min han zawh takah chuan sawtna

mualte a awm takin kan sawi ve mai

mai ang e:

“Lo vah hi uluk a lo ngai hlein ka hria.

Thing leh maute hi a hniam thei ang

bera kih leh sah nise, lo a kan that

duh bakah hlothlawh a ti awl a. Lo hal

hnu a mangkhawh uluk hle tur a ni.

Ram zau zawng inangah buhchi a tla

bik a. Buh tuh hi ngunthluk a tul leh

zual a. A bi that tawk loh chuan cheh

4 cheh 5 thlenga cheh a tha a. lo a

awih deuh phei chuan buhbi kha tha

lehzual sela. Tuihawkin leitha a han

dah ve hlauh thei a ni. Buhbi chhilh hi

a tha a. Pitte tamna hmunah chuan

thil tul tak a ni. Tin, tura hraihlum

mai lovin, thlawhlaiah an ei tur tin

2/3 sem darhin dah thluah ila buhchi

a him duh. Tin, hlo thlawh hi hnim

san hmain chet vat a tul a. heihi

hlothlawh awlna bul chu a ni bawk.

Fanghma leh vaimim hian buh a dip

chhe deuh nge nge thin a, a hmun

hran neih hram a tha. Tin, ram area

intiat-ah chuan buhbi zing deuhin

thlak tlem deuh ni se, a hlawk zawk

niin ka hria.

Pu Hmingthanga, Electric Veng lo (buh hmun). Buh leh bal thar tam Sawrkarin a tum angin

Pu Hminga hian buh tin 60 chuang Tlawng lui (Sairang) kamah a ching a, chu mi thla chu a

ni. (05.09.2000)

AGRICULTURE

(Hriat zau nan)

-R.L.Thanzuala

Agronomist

Agricultutre hi India rama hna

hrang hrang thawktu, zaa sawmruk leh

pali (64%) ten intunnunna’n an hmang

mek a. India ram economy bulthut a tih

theih hial awm e. Tin, India rama thlai

chinna hmun zauh zawng hi hectare

maktaduai 142 vel a ni a. Hemi zinga

hectare maktaduai 92.6 vel hi ruah-van-

tla ringawt ring (tui pek lohna) a ni.

Thlaichi (seeds) hi a pawimawhin,

mihringte mamawh, a-lova-awm-theih-

loh (essential commodity) zingah Essen-

tial Commodity Act 1955 hnuaiah chhiar-

tel a ni a. Tin thlai chi tha neih theih nan,

‘The Seed Act 1966’ te, thlaichi tha rual-

khai zawk a hmuh leh mumal zawka hralh

a nih theihna turin ‘The Seeds (Control)

Order 1988’ te pawh Sorkar Laipuiin a

siam nghe nghe. Chuvangin, thlaichite hi

kaihhruaina dan leh hrai fel tak hnuaia

thar chhuah loh chu hralh/hman mai mai

khap tlat a ni nghe nghe a. Hetianga

mumal taka thlaichi tha nei thei tur hian

Seed Corporation te, Seed Certification

Agencies te, Seed Testing Laboratories te

a awm a. 1988-99 khan India ramah

hetiang hi a dinhmun a ni.

1. National Level Seed Corporation

pahnih a awm a, National Seed Cor-

poration (NSC) leh State Farm Corpo-

ration of India (SFCI) te an ni;

2. State Seeds Corporation (SSC) state

pual bik 13 a awm;

3. Approved Private Sector Seed

Companies hi 100 vel a awm leh a;

4. State Seed Certification Agencies

(SSCA) hi 20 a awm a;

5. State Seed Testing Laboratory hi

100 vel a awm bawk a ni.

Heng zozai zingah hian Mizoram

chuan State Seed Testing Laboratory

pakhat chan a nei a. State Seed Certifi-

cation Agency hi a hming mai chuan kan

nei awm e. Mahse, mihring/thawktu (qua-

lified personnel) indaih lohna avang leh

sum harsat vang a ni mai thei, a nih tur

angin a function mumal thei lo a. A dangte

phei hi chu kan nei lo reng reng a ni.

The Seed Act 1966 hmang hian

kum 1998 September thla thleng khan

thlai hrang hrangah a chi tha (variety)

2662 tihchhuah a ni tawh in, upa/rei

tawh lutuk leh tha lo 49 tihtawp a ni bawk

a ni.

1998-99 chhung khan tractor

2,62,332 leh Power Tiller 14,488 India

ram pumah hralh a ni. Tichuan, loneihna

lamah power kan hman chu hectare

khatah 1.16 KW ang vel a ni (1970 chho

tan tir lam te kha chuan 0.22 KW/ha

chauh a ni).

Irrigation lam:

Irrigation project pakhatin a

chawm theih ram/lo zauh dan a zirin

major, medium leh minor irrigation-ah te

then a ni a.

a) Major Irrigation :10,000 ha. leh a

aia tam chawm thei;

b) Medium Irrigation:2,000-10,000ha;

c) Minor Irrigation : 2,000ha. aia tlem.

Diktak chuan Mizorama kan irri-

gation project-te hi chu minor irrigation

pawh an ni pha meuh lo a ni.

Command Area Development

Programme (CAD-Prog):

Central Sorkar bul tumin CAD hi

1974-75 khan tan a ni a. A tum ber chu tui

pek theih ramte a tangkai leh hlawk thei

ang bera siam a, thlai hlawk taka thar leh

thlai thar tihpun a ni.

He programme-ah hian Farm

Development hrang hrang - leileta tui sem

darhna (field channels) leh tui tam lutuk

paihchhuahna (field drains) siam te, a

ram leilung tihzawl that a, bial siam len a

rem fel te, lei hnuai tui pump chhuaha

thlai chawmna atana hman tangkai

thlengin a huam a. Tin, loneitu tin ten tui

a huntak leh rualkhai taka an hmuh

theihna tura tui sem daihzai (waraban-

dianti) te pawh a tel a. Loneituten thil

thar an man zung zung a, hlawk zawka

thlai an thar theihna turin lo neihna lama

thil thar hmuhchhuahte hmanga enchhin

(trail) te, demonstration te leh farmers’

training neihte a huam vek bawk a.

Central Sorkar chuan he pro-

gramme hi state sorkarin a hnate

pumhmawm mai lo a, loneitu te nen a tam

thei ang bera thawhho hi a duh dan a ni a.

Chumi atan chuan Rs.500/ha. (Rs.225/ha.

Central tum, Rs.225/ha. State tum leh

Rs.50/ha. Farmers’ association tum)

hisapin tanpuina pawh tih theih tura

ruahman a ni.

Heng zawng zawng bakah hian

hmun tui dum lutuk, thlai pawh chin theih

lohna (water logged areas) thlai chin nana

hman theih tura siamthat pawh a tum

pawimawh tak a ni bawk a ni.

Tichuan kum 1974 khan major leh

medium irrigation project 60 a tanin kum

1998-99-ah chuan he CAD-Prog. Ah hian

project 217 an awm a. Cultivable Comm-

and Area (CCA) zau zawng chu hectare

maktaduaih 21.95 a niin State hrang

hrang 23 leh UT 2-ah an awm a ni.

India rama thlaipui deuh deuh chinna zau zawng leh thar zat:

Thlai hming

Chinna Zau zawng

(Ha)

Tharchhuah zat

(Ton)

Hectare khata

thar zat (Kg)

Buh

Vaimim

Wheat

Total Cereals

Kelek Chana

Total Pulses

Total Foodgrains

Badam

Tel antam chi

Total Oilseeds

Fu

La

Nuaih 434.20

Nuaih 63.05

Nuaih 266.86

Nuaih 1012.21

Nuaih 75.41

Nuaih 228.47

Nuaih 1240.68

Nuaih 72.80

Nuaih 70.64

Nuaih 262.40

Nuaih 39.67

Nuaih 89.04

Nuaih 823.00

Nuaih 108.52

Nuaih 659.07

Nuaih1793.64

Nuaih 61.27

Nuaih 130.70

Nuaih1924.34

Nuaih 78.45

Nuaih 47.13

Nuaih 220.15

Nuaih2762.54

Nuaih 18.94

1895

1721

2470

1722

812

572

1551

1078

667

840

69647

213

Five Year Plans leh a kumte:

1

st

Five-Year Plan 1951-56

2

nd

Five-Year Plan 1956-61

3

rd

Five-Year Plan 1961-66

Annual Plans 1966-69

4

th

Five-Year Plan 1969-74

5

th

Five-Year Plan 1974-78

Annual Plans 1978-80

6

th

Five-Year Plan 1980-85

7

th

Five-Year Plan 1985-90

Annual Plans 1990-92

8

th

Five-Year Plan 1992-97

9

th

Five-Year Plan 1998-2003

(Source: India 2000 – Compiled and edited by Res., Ref. & Training Div.

Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India).

THLAI HUAN ENKAWL DAN

(Farm Management)

-R. Zoramthanga, AAIO

Huan leh loneitute hian kan huan

leh lote kan enkawl dan (farm manage-

ment) hi chik taka kan chhut thin loh

avang hian, kan huan leh lo atanga kan

thar chhuah thinte pawh hi, hectare khat

zel hmun atangin quintal eng zat nge thar

ang kan nih (yield in quintal per hectare)

leh 1 kg thar chhuah nan pawisa eng zat

nge sen ral a nih (cost of production per

kg) te chhut chhuah a harsa thin. Chu-

lovah, ‘eng thlai kan chin hian nge hlawk-

na kan hmuh that’ tih pawh hriat theih

miah loh hian thlai chi li-chi nga kan chin

pawlh nuk mai thin a. Mi thenkhatte phei

chuan kan huan leh lo zau zawng dik tak

kan hriat loh bakah kan thlai chi tuh zat

emaw phun zat emaw pawh kan hre bawk

hek lo. Hetiang hi kan awm dan a nih thin

avangin kan huan leh lo atanga kan thar

chhuahte hi a dinhmun dik tak sawi a

harsa thin. Thlai kan thar hlawk leh hlawk

loh tehfung pakhat chu kan hralhna rate

hi a ni. Kan sensote chhut miah lo a thlaite

kan chin chuan, a hralhna rate Rs.10/- tur

a nih lain Rs. 14/- senga kan thar chhua-

hte hi a lo ni hlauh mai thei a ni. Kan

milian thenkhat vawk vulh ve hote pawh

hian vawk note man, a chaw man leh

thing man te leh thil tul an lakkhawmna

tura an sen ralte hi chhinchhiah ta vek

sela, bazara vawk- sa 1 kg man Rs. 100/- a

nih lai hian Rs. 110/- vel senga 1 kg zel hi

an lei a lo ni mai thei a ni. Hetiang hi a nih

theih avangin thlai huan enkawl dan

(Farm Management) hi huan leh

loneitute’n kan thiam hi thil tul leh

pawimawh tak a ni.

‘Farm Management’ tih hi thumal

pahnih ‘Farm’ leh ‘Management’ inkawp

in an siam a ni a, han sawifiah leh ila.

‘Farm chu thlai chingtu tan bika sawi

dawn chuan, hmun bik huan leh lo, thlai

chinna atana kan hman, mimal enkawl

emaw a huhova enkawl’ emaw a ni thin.

Adama chuan ‘Farm chu agriculture thlai

chinna atana hmun kan mamawh, pawlho

ta emaw mimal ta emaw te hi a ni’ tiin a

hrilhfiah.

Mi tamtakin ‘Management’ hi an

hrilhfiah a, amaherawhchu Boss leh Tyl-

ore te hrilhfiah dan chauh han ti lang ila.

Boss chuan “Huan leh lo finna leh

thiamnaa innghat chunga enkawlna” a ti.

Tylore chuan “Huan leh lo finna leh

thiamna dan a ti ve thung a.

Chutichuan, hrilhfiahtu hrang hra-

ngte hrilhfiah dan han khaikhawmin,

‘Farm Management chu ‘Huan leh lova

thlai chinte hmangchang hre taka enkawl

dan’ a tih theih ang.

Huan thlai enkawl dan (Farm

Managementt) tum bul ber chu, kan thlai

chinte atanga a hlawk thei ang ber thar

chhuah leh hlawkna hmuh hi a ni. Chu-

lovah kan hriata kan chhinchhiah tur thil

pawimawh eng emaw zat a awm bawk,

chungte chu :

a. Thlai thar chhuak tura kan senso zat

leh kan thar chhuah zat dik tak hriat;

b. Ahlawk thei ang bera Thlai thar

chhuah dan kawng dap chhuah;

c. Hectare khat (1 Ha) ang zel hmuna

senso hriat leh 1 kg thar chhuak tura

senso zat hriat;

d. Thlai hrang hrang chinte khaikhin a

a hlawk ber hriat;

e. Ram leilung hlawk leh tangkai zawka

hman dan tur hriat;

f. Ahmun pangngaia kum khata thlai

chin tur indawt thlan thiam;

g. Thil tul leh mamawh turte hre tura

thil chik taka thlir thiam;

Huan-thlai enkawl dan (Farm

Management) a nih dan ang taka hmang

tur chuan heng ka han sawi te hi

innghahna-a hman tlat a pawimawh.

Kan thlaite kan enkawlnaah hian

tha leh sum kan sen belh avangin hectare

khat (1 ha) hmun ang zela kan thlai thar

pawh a lo pung in, 1 kg thar chhuah nana

kan senso pawh a lo tlem tial tial mai thei

a. Amaherawhchu kan thar hlawk vawr

tawp a tang hian, hectare khat hmun

atanga kan thar chhuah tlemin pung tial

tialin lang mahse, 1 kg thar chhuak tura

senso a tam tial tial thei a ni. Hetia I thar

chhuah man kg a chhuta a lo tam leh tial

tial hi a thlahniam (diminish) a ni.

Thlai chin tur kan thlan dawnin

‘eng thlai hi nge kan senso tur atanga

chhuta hlawkna kan hmuh that theih

berna tur’ tih thlir thiamna hi, Law of

opportunity cost’ a ni a, he mi hrereng

chung hian huan-thlai kan enkawl a tul

hle a ni.

Huan leh lo hna thawhnaa tul leh

hman theih tangkai rau rauah a senso tur

tlem zawk leh hman man hla zawn thiam

theihna hi ‘Principle of Subti- tution’ a ni.

Mihring thaa cheng tam tak kan senna tur

pawh kha, Power Tiller te, Tractor te

rawih theih a nih chuan tlemte sengin kan

thawk zo mai thei a. Chulovah pawisa

tamtak sena kan thlawhfai tur kha weedi-

cide (hlo thahna) hmang in tlemte sum

sengin a tihfai mai theih bawk.

Huan leh lo awmna hmun a zira

thlai chin tur thlan thiam hi a tul tak

meuh a ni . Motor kawngpui atanga 5 km-

a hla-ah te iskut ching ta mai ila, kan

hlawk pui tlem hle ang. Sugarcane Factory

thuhmuna Fu hralh tur nei rau rauah hla

tak atanga han la tute ai chuan Factory

bul hnaia fu huan neite chuan hralh zat in

ang rau rau-ah hlawkna an hmu hnem

zawk ngei ang. Kan ram leilung awmna

leh thlai kan hralhna tur hmun te, kan

hralhna tur rate te ngun taka chhut

chunga thlai chin tur thlan thiam hi kan

tharchhuah atanga hlawkna tha tak hmu-

hna bul a ni. Kan thlai tharte hralhna

hmun tur a hlat chuan, lak sawn zangkhai

leh awlsam, a hlutna hniam chuang si lo

leh a hlep tur pawh tlem chuang lo thlai

chin a tan thlan thiam a tha. Chuvangin

kan huan leh lo a thlai tha thei rau rau-ah

a hlawk tur thlan thiam hi a pawimawh

hle a ni.

Huan leh lo a thlai kan chin te nih

dan chiang taka hre tur chuan, chhin-

chhiahna (records) fel tak a siama vawn

that tur a ni. Thlai hrang hrang pawh

ching mah ila, a hrang theuha an dinhmun

leh nih dan te tilang tura record hran

siam thliah tur a ni. Farm Record neih tur

leh a siam dan tur chu a hnuaia tih lan ang

hi ni thei se.

1. Farm Journal (Hnathawktute, an

hnathawh zawh dan leh senso chhin-

chhiahna;

2. Cultivation Register (Thlai chinte,

leitha hmante hnathawh zawhte chhin-

chhiahna bu);

3. Farm Produced Register (Thlai

chinte tharchhuah dan chhinchhiahna

bu);

4. Stock Register (Thlai chinte,

hmanrua hmante, lut leh chhuak chhin-

chhiahna bu);

5. Sale Proceeds Register (Thlai thar

hralh chhuahna bu);

6. Cash Book (Pawisa lut leh chhuak

chi hrang hrang inchawhpawlh lova

chhinchhiahna fel tak neih tur a ni);

Thlai huan enkawl dan thiam hi

Mizorama loneitu/thlai huan siamtute

hian kan zir chhoh zel a tul em em a; kan

mithiamte lehkhabu siamte chhiar ngun

tur leh mithiamte rawn zel hi kan

hmasawn chhoh zelna tur a nih avangin

mithiamte thurawn ngaichang turin thlai

huan siamtute kan inchah a. Nangmahni

tanpui tur che u in englai pawhin kan in

peih reng a ni.

High Density Multispecies Cropping Farm

-Lalhlunthanga

Ramhlun ‘N’

RAM LEH HNAM a lo changkan ch-

hoh zel chuan duh leh mamawh a lo pung

ve zel a, kan eizawnna hnapui ber atanga

kan thawhchhuahte chuan kan mamawh-

te a phuhruk zawh loh hun a lo thleng

thin a. Mizote pawh hian chu hun chu kan

tawng chho mek a. Eizawnna ngelnghet,

kumhlun leh hlawk zawk kan ngaihtuah

a, kan hmanhmawh lutukah a buk kan

bawh thelh palh ang tih a hlauhawm hle a

ni. Chuvangin Economics Development

innghahna lungphum pawimawh ber far-

mer-te hian fimkhur taka hma kan lak

theuh a tul a ni. Khawvela farmer-te hian

hna thawk duh ta miah lo ila, ei leh barah

harsatna namen lo a lo thleng ang a. In-

dustries-in raw material a tlakchham hun

a lo awm ngei bawk ang.

Kan lo neih dan pangngai thlak nan

chuan hmun nghet-ah hma la ngei ngei ila,

high density multispecies cropping sys-

tem hmanga kan ram neih chhun chu kan

cheibawl chuan Mizoram din chhuahna

bul tur chu a nih ngei a rinawm.

Kan ram neih zau zawng chu tin

sawm hmun ni ta sela, tin khat hmun vel

khur laiha kan leitha siam ngeia hnawh-

khah leha buh hmun atan buatsaih ni sela.

Tin, tin khat hmun dang leh chu sawh-

thing emaw aieng chin nan kan ruat leh

ang a. Sawhthing/aieng hmunte pawh chu

keimahni siam ngei leitha hmangin a let

200 or 300 vel thar thei turin kan chei-

bawl bawk tur a ni ang. Kolasib Tumpui

Pu Rualchhina chuan thingtlang khaw pa-

khata an awm laia sawhthing ser 40

(mawn 1) a tuh atanga mawn 180 a thar

thu min hrilh atangin kan ram neih chhun

sawhthing hmun atana kan tih chu keima-

hni siam ngei leithaa kan cheibawl chuan

engvangin nge a let 200 emaw 300 vel te

chu kan thar chhuah loh bik ang tih ngaih-

dan lian tak a neih theih a ni. Buh leh

sawhthing/aieng hmunah hian thlaifur

pangngai chu kan ching kumtin thei ang.

Tin, a chunga kan sawi anga kan

hman bak ram la awm tin riat hmun chu

high density multispecies cropping farm

atan kan hmang tangkai tawh ang.

Coconut te, kuhva te, hatkawra te leh

avocado te hi kan thlai kumhlun, kan sum

hnarpui ber atan chuan an sitawm miah

lo ang. A hralhna tur hi a lungngaihthlak

lo hrim hrim, phung zinga piring vawrh

an sawi chu nep tak, nep tak a ni ringawt

mai. Khing thlai 4 zingah khian kei chuan

coconut, kuhva leh hatkawra te hi ka

thlan hmel khawp mai. Avocado hi duh

hle mah ila zuva lakah venhim theih loh

ka hlau a ni. Cocoa pawh hi tunah chuan a

market a tha leh tawhin an sawi a, a ching

duh tan chuan Pu Laldailova,

Pangbalkawn hi a zawh theih ang. Ani

hian kum 1995 khan Pu B.Lalliana,

Vairengte hnen atangin a chi a la a, a in

bul huanah a ching a. Tun thleng hian a

kung nung a la nei a ni.

Coconut leh hatkawra hi 30 ft dan

zelah phun ila kan inchhir lo viauin a

rinawm. Kuhva erawhchu 10 ft dan

zelah phun turah inngai ila a tha awm e.

Hengte hi I phun dawn a nih chuan I ram

chu a mual tan zawngin 10 ft zelah peg

mark siam la, chu chu thlai I phunna tura

tlar (row) chu a ni. A tlar hnuai berah

chuan 15 ft. dan zelah khur I lai ang a, I

leitha siam leh khur bul vel leichunglang

chawhpawlhin muk takin I hnawh khat

leh vek ang a. Tlar hnih kal kan zelin

coconut leh hatkawra phunna tlar chu a

hmaa I tih ang bawkin I ti leh ang a.

Coconut leh hatkawra phunna tur khur I

buatsaih zawh vek hnu chuan a inkara

tlar hnih zel I kal kan tlarah chuan 10 ft.

zelah khur I lai leh ang a, I khur laih

hmasak I hnawhkhah ang khan I hnawh-

khat leh vek ang. Tin riat (8 acres) ah

chuan coconut kung 500 vel, hatkawra

kung 500 vel leh kuhva kung 2480 vel I

nei thei dawn tihna a nih chu. Tin, heng I

thlai phunte hnuaiah hian thing- hmarcha,

panruang, lawngpar, vannilla, nutang,

balhla, kawlbahra leh thil dangte I la phun

thei a. I kut hnathawh a lo puitlin meuh

chuan hahipa kan sawi thin khawizu leh

hnutetui luanna ram chu atakin I luah mai

dawn a ni. Ar vulh te, vawk vulh te, dil I

siam theih phei chuan sangha I khawi tel

thei bawk ang a. Khuai khawi lamin tan I

lak belh zel thei dawn a ni.

Tin, farmer-te hian ram thu-ah har-

satna tawh a awl khawp mai. Kan lo neih

dan pangngaiah ngat hi chuan buh hawp-

khawp thar kan tum ta meuh lo em ni tih

tur khawpin thlawhhma kan nei zau peih

ta lova, ram hla kan zuan ngam tawh

bawk si lo. Hei vang hian kal harsa deuh-

ah chuan ram tha pui pui hi kan ngah leh

tawh khawp mai. Ahuhova intelruh ram

zau khat (compact area) bawh ngam high

density multispecies cropping farm buat-

saih tumtuten chutianga ram tha bawh

(zuan) an han tum meuh chuan ram nei-

tua inngai VC-te chuan phal loh an ching

khawp mai. Mizo District Council kha

chuan chutiang ram thlaler chu a nei

ngamte hnenah ziakin phalna an pe thin a.

An tih dan kha kan State sorkar pawh

hian chhawm nung zel sela a tha khawp

ang. AMFU branch pakhat pawhin an tum

ruh tehreng nen ram neih tur hre lovin an

vahvaih thu hriat a nih kha.

Retheihna bawih atanga kan ram hi

chhanchhuah kan tum tak tak a nih ngai

chuan Sorkar hian policy leh action

programme fel tak duangchhuak sela, tin,

subsidy pawh a ruahman fel thlap a tul

ang. Tuna kan kal dan ringawt hi chu kan

ar-khawthim-dai deuh a ni. Coconut

Development Board leh Rubber Board

kan tih ang hi chu a phak lo deuh a nih

pawhin a phak tawk chin turah chuan a

tlanchhe bik tur a ni lo. Uar tak leh thiam

taka sawimawina piah lamah hian hma

lak a hun takzet ta a ni lawm ni?

Mizoram Intodelh Nan Self-Help Group

-C. Lalhmingliana

General Secretary, FARMFED

Mizoram intodelhna tura ngaih-

tuahna hmang tak tak peihtute leh mahni

chhungkua pawh intodelh nghet duh

ngawih ngawihtute tana ngaihven tur thil

pakhat tha tak mai Self-Help Group

Scheme emaw NABARD hi kum 1992

atang khan National Bank for Agriculture

and Rural Development (NABARD) chuan

India ram hmun hrang hrangah a lo bei

tan tawhin a hlawhtlinna a tha em em mai

a. Chhungkaw rethei sang tamtakin an

dinchhuah phah tawh nghe nghe a ni. He

Self-Help Group Scheme hian a tum ber

chu mi 10 atanga 20 inthuruala intel-

khawm (pawl din) hnathawh bik mumal

tak neia thawkhote leh bank-te insuih-

zawmna tha tak atanga retheihna leh

pachhiatna umbo hi a ni ber mai a. He

pawl hi dinin mirethei tam takte chu

mikhawsathei leh hausa tak tak te an lo ni

tawh tlat mai a ni. Mahni chhungkaw mal

maia engmah tih theih tak tak nei hleithei

lote, retheihna khuarkhuruma tang lak-

lawh tlat tawhte, retheihna khuarkhurum

thuk tak atang inhaichhuak zo tawh lote

chu inpawlkhawmin SHG Scheme chu an

han bei ta a. An theih ang tawk tawk

thawhlawm thawh thinin bank-ah SHG

hmingin account an hawng ta a. Chuti-

anga thla ruk chhung an theih ang zah zah

an thawhkhawm chu (a zat bituk tlemte

an insiam chu thlatin Rs.50 lek pawh a ni

thei e) thlatinin Bankah an khawl zela,

thlaruk chhung an khawl hnu chuan an

Bank nena an thawhhona a that chuan an

hnathawhna tur loan an la thei ta a. Bank

nen thawkho tlat tawhin an lo intichak

tawn ta thin a ni ber mai.

Hei hi NABARD Scheme tia an

sawina chhan chu NABARD bul tuma lo

intan a ni a. SHG in Bank a Loan an lak kha

NABARD in a vaiin a thunkhat leh zel a ni.

Mimal emaw thildang atan emaw a Bank

in Loan a lo pekte chu NABARD hian a

zavai chuan a thunkhah sak lem lova.

Mahse, SHG Scheme-ah chuan Bank-in a

lo pek chhuah zah zah kha a thunkhat leh

vek a. A special hle a ni. Tin, SHG in Bank

Loan an lak pawh chu Quarantor leh

Security Deposit hranpa phut lovin an

Pawl (SHG) leh bank te chuan Legal

Agreement an siam mai a. SHG member

zawng zawngte khan mawh an la pum-

hlum ta mai a ni.

He SHG Scheme hi ram hrang hrang

a tih a nih tawh mekna ah an hlawhtlinpui

deuh vek mai a. Khawilaiah mah harsatna

leh buaina tawk an la awm lem lo niin

hriat a ni.

Mizoramah pawh hian hlawhtling

taka tih ve theih ni a ringin NABARD hian

tan a la ngawrh hle a. Tuna a Target ang

chuan Mizoramah hian SHG 1200 aia tlem

lo din thuai an tum a ni.

He pawl hi mi 10 aia tlem thei lo

leh 20 aia tam lo a nihna chhan hian

awmzia a nei a, chu chu hriat atan a tha.

Member 10 aia tlem chu pawl a tling lova;

20 aia a tam chuan Company Act a kalh

thei a ni. He Pawl hi Sawrkar rim nam lo,

sawrkar leh politics leh sakhaw inrawlh

hauh lohna pawl thianghlim leh zalen;

khawiah mah in-register ngai lem lo a ni

a. Private deuh mai a ni. An chungah

tumahin thu an nei lova, inrawlh buai tur

tumah an awm bawk lo a ni. Zalen Pawl

an ni ber awm e. Anmahni a Dan siam-

chawp (Bye Law) neia inkawp khawm

mai an ni a. Mahse, Bank nen erawh

chuan an inhnim hnai hle thung a ni. An

thawkho tlat ang a, an in thatchhuah

dawn a ni.

Tunlai hian keini FARMFED

(Federation of Mizoram Farmers) hian

NABARD ho nen tangrualin Awareness

meeting kan ko fo va. Doordarshan

Vision-ahte pawh vawi thum lai kan

puang darh tawh a. SHG unit pawh 50 chu

kan din tawh nghe nghe a ni. Henghote

zingah hian hlawhtlinpui pawh an awm

tan tawh nghe nghe a ni.

Keini FARMFED erawh hi chuan

engmah hlawkpuina tur kan nei hranpa

lova, mahse, NGO kan nihna angin mipui

tan kan theihtawp kan chhuah ve a ni ber

mai. Kan pawl tana hamthatna tur

engtehvakmah a awm kan hre hranpa lem

lo bawk.

Tin, NGO kan nihna (State Level

NGO kan nihna) atanga Watershed

Management lama hma kan lak chuan a

thawktu tur chu SHG member-te hi an ni

thung a ni. Chutichuan, Rural Deve-

lopment Scheme chi hrang hrangte pawh

hi SHG member-te thawh tur a ni vek

nghe nghe tawh si a.

*SHG (Self Help Group) Scheme of

NABARD hi chiang leh zual a hre duhtute

tan a hnuaia Address-ah hian zawhfiah

theih a ni e:-

President/Secretary

FARMFED, Centenary Building

Dawrpui Aizawl, Mizoram

Phone : 347182

PULSES

- K.Laltanpuia, AAI

DAO (AE) Office

1:0 Pulses : ‘Pulses’ han tih hian,

Mizoten kan la hmelhriat loh engemaw

zat a awm a. Lo hmelhriat tawh intite

pawhin hming hran an lo vuah thin

avangin an koh dan pawh a hrang

hlawm a. Tunah pawh hian koh dan

tlanglawn ber atangin an hming kan

sawi dawn a ni.

‘Pulses’ chu keini Mizoten, ‘be’ kan tih,

kawm neia rah thlaiho hi an ni a. Bekang

hi erawh oil-seed zinga chhiar a ni tlat

thung. Pulses in a huam zinga thlai lar

zual deuhte chu hengte hi an ni:

1) Bengal gram (cicer arietinum);

2) Lentil (Lentilla lens);

3) Pigeon pea (Cajanas cajan);

4) Pea (Pisum sativum);

5) Black gram (Phaseolus mungo);

6) Green gram (Phaseolus aureus);

7) Cow pea (Vigna sinenses);

8) Moth bean (Phaseolus aconi-

lifolius);

9) Horse gram (Dolichos biflorus);

10) Cluster bean (Cymopsis tetrago-

noloba);

1:1 India leh Pulses : India hi khawvela

Pulses thar chhuak tam ber leh ei nasa

ber ram kan ni a. Khawvel puma a

chinna ram zau zawng hectare

maktaduai 67.4 a nih laiin heta hectare

maktaduai 23 hi India rama chinna

hmun a ni. India rama kan thar dan

tlangpui chu hectare khata 377 kg

atanga 609 kg a niin, kumtin ton

maktaduai 11-12 lai thar ang kan ni.

1:2 Pulses thlai pawimawhna leh

tangkaina:

1:2 (1) Pulses chu kan thlai chin zinga

protein pai tam ber an nih avangin, sa ei

lo mite (vegetarian) tan a pawimawh a.

India ram vegetarian-te tan innghahna

ber a ni. Mi pakhat in chakna (hriselna)

atana nitina a thil mamawh (nutrient

requirement) chu hetiang hi a ni a -

(a) Protein - 55 g.

(b) Calcium - 4-5 g.

(c) Iron - 20 g

(d) Thiamine - 1.4 mg.

(e) Riboflavin - 1.5 mg.

1:2 (2) Mithiamte chuan hetiang zawng

hian, mi puitling pakhat tana nitina ei

tur (taksa tana tha tawk tura inbuk

tawk) an chhut chhuak bawk a.

Eitur Vegetarian Non-Vegetarian

Cereal (rice, etc.) 400 gm 400 gm

Pulses 70 gm 55 gm

Green leafy 100 gm 100 gm

Root & Fibre 75 gm 75 gm

Fruit 30 gm 30 gm

Milk 200 gm 100 gm

Fats & Oil 35 gm 40 gm

Meat & Fish _ 30 gm

Egg _ 30 gm

Sugar 30 gm 30 gm

Heta tang pawh hian kan nitin thil ei ah

be lam chi ei tel a tul zia kan hre thei

ang.

1:2 (3) Pulses chu kawm neia rah chi

(Leguminous Crops) an nih avangin,

boruak atangin Nitrogen hipin an lakh-

awm a, Zungbawk (Root Nodules) an

siam a, Hemi hmang hian leiah thlai

chawpui ber (Nitrogen) an siam a,

Chutiang chuan Pulses thlai chinna lei

hectare khatah kum khat chhung in

Nitrogen 30 kg. lai a siam belh thei.

1:2 (4) Heng Be thlai hnah leh kung

tawih te hi leitimur siam thatu (organic

matter) an ni.

1:2 (5) Be-thlai (Pulses) te hi thlai dang

nena chin pawlh emaw, chin chhawk

(Inter Cropping or Cropping Rotation)

atana remchang ber an ni. Entirnan :

Buh zawhah Motor channa; Vaimim

zawhah Behlawi; Buh zawhah French

Bean emaw, Nihawi hmunah Motor

channa; channa hmunah Linseed;

Channa leh Tel Antam etc.

Mizoramah pawh vaimim seng dawn a

Bean, Behlawi chin hlawkna kan hre tan

mek. Tin, Crop rotation (chin chhawk)

atan thlai hnah sei chi Buh/Vaimim/

Wheat (Monocot) zawha chin atan

Pulses (Diacot) an tha ber bawk.

1:2 (6) Pulses chuan leitha thlaichaw

(Nitrogen) an siam theih avang in Vai-

siam leitihthatna, thlaichaw pui ber

Nitrogenous Fertilizer a ngai tlem.

(Pulses thenkhatah chuan a ngai lo hial).

1:2 (7) Thlai dang, Wheat, Buh leh

Vegetable dangte ai chuan an chinna lei

tih dip a ngai nep.

1:3 Pulses-a India dinhmun: India ramah

hian Be-thlai zingah Motor channa (pea)

leh Arhar (Pigeon pea) te hi chin nasat

ber an ni a. An pahnih hian Be-thlai

chinna zawng zawng 48% leh thar

chhuah 55% an tling a. Ram pumah chin

nasat leh ei tam deuh deuh an ni. India

ram pum chhutin Green gram (Mung),

Black gram (Urd) leh Moth bean ten an

dawtin Be-thlai chinna 28% leh thar

chhuah 23% an chang a. Lentil (kan

Dailuah sen) hian Bethlai hmun 5% leh

thar chhuah 6% a hauh ve bawk.

Sik leh sa, khaw awm dan leh eichhetu

rannungte avangin kum 1960 vel atang

khan Motor bean te chin uar an ni thung

a. Kum 1964-65 atanga 1994-95 chhung

phei kha chuan ram pumah thar chhuah

a tlem sawt hle a. Kan tun dinhmunah

tak phei chuan India rama mi pakhat

zelin Be-thlai (Pulses) nitin 40 gm eitur

nei ang chauh kan ni. Hei vang hian Be-

thlai chungchangah hun lo la awm tur

chhutin, thil huphurhawm tak a tling a

ni. Mihring pun zel dan chhutin Kum

2020 A.D. ah chuan tuna kan kum khat

thar Ton Maktaduai 11-12 let aia tam

Ton Maktaduai 30 lai kum tin thar a ngai

dawn a ni.

Chuvangin, Be-thlai thar tam zawk turin,

a chin uar hrim hrima hma lak te a siam

danglamna (processing) te leh a hralhna

tha dap chhuah a ngai hle a ni.

1:4 Pulses lama Research : Pulses (be-

thlai) chu ram pum huapa ei tur

(commodity) pawimawha ngaih a nih

avangin India Sawrkar ngaihsak pawh a

hlawh a. Kum 1966 (III FYP) khan All

India Co-Ordinated Pulses Improvement

Project (AICPIP) chu thar chhuah lam

tihpun dan ngaihtuah turin IARI (Indian

Agriculture Research Institute) hnuaiah

N.Delhi-ah din a ni a.

Kum 1978 (VFYP) ah AICPIP chu Project

Directorate-ah hlankai niin, Research

lam uar turin an Headquater pawh

N.Delhi atangin Kanpur (UP) ah sawn a

ni a. Kum 1984 (VIFYP) khan AICPIP,

Kanpur chu Directorate of Pulses

Research ah hlankai niin IARI, N.Delhi

atangin a indang a, VII Plan atang khan

AICPIP chuan ram chhunga Branch/

Centre 33 te nen hma a la ta a ni.

Tunah chuan Directorate of Pulses

Research (DRP) chu Indian Institute of

Pulses Research (IIPR) ah kum 1993

khan hlankai a ni a. He IIPR hian Pulses

chi tha zawn chhuah te leh a thar hlawk

dan zawn chhuah hna te a thawk mek a

ni.

1:5 Pulses hmanna leh ei dan tlangpui :

1) Blackgram (Urd) : Dailuah anga

chawhmeh atan; her dipin Dosa leh Idli

etc. atan;

2) Bengal gram (Kel-ek chana) : Chh-

um hmina kan atan; her dipin besan atan

(Pakora siamnan); a mu chiah hnip leh a

kawr ran chaw atan;

3) Cow pea : Ei atana chinin, a hnah

leh a kawm no chawhmeh; a mu dal anga

chawhmeh. Lei tihthat nana chin a nihin

a hnah leh a kung leitha siamna. A hnah

hring leh a kungte ran chaw atan;

4) Green gram : Dailuah anga ei atan;

chhangphuta her dipa thil dang nena

siam atan leh a kung leh a hnahte ran

chaw leh leitha siam nan;

5) Lentil : Kan dailuah ei ber hi. A

kawm no chawhmeh atan;

6) Horse gram : A hnah leh kungte

ran chaw atan leh leitha siam nan;

7) Pea : Kan ei anga ei atan leh a

hnah/kung no chawhmeh atan;

8) Moth bean : A mu chawhmeh atan.

A kung no leh hring ran chaw leh leitha

siam nan;

9) Pigeon pea (Arhar) : Dailuah anga

ei atan. A kawm hring chawhmeh atan. A

kawm ruak leh a mu her dipna nawi

chawhpawlh ran chaw atan;

10) French bean/Rajmash : A kawm

no chawhmeh atan. (French bean or

Rajmash mu chhum hmin hnu kan leh

atta kan lum Maruaripa-in a ei lai han

hmuh chuan chil a put duh khawp mai -

KL);

11) Cluster bean : A mu leh a kawm

no chawhmeh atan. A kung leh a hnah

ran chaw atan;

1.6 Hriattur dangte : Heng be-thlaite hi

Rabi (1

st

September - 31

st

March) chhu-

nga chin chi deuh vek an ni a, Pigeon

pea, French bean, Black gram leh Green

gram tih loh chu. Heng thlai chi li te hi

chu Kharif leh Zaid-ah pawh a chin theih.

Tin bio-fertilizer nena a chi nuai pawlhin

a thar hlawk tih hriat a tha. Bio-fertilizer

hman zat tlangpui chu be-thlai chi 10 kg-

ah Rhizobium 200 gm leh Phosphotika

200 kg a ni.

Heng be-thlaite hi a mal mala an chin

dan ziah vek sen a nih loh avangin, an

chin dan chu yardstick-in dah a ni.

YARDSTICK FOR CULTIVATION OF PULSES

Sl.

No

Name of

Pulses

Speed

Rate

Kg/ha.

Spacing

(cms)

Time of

Sowing

NPK Requirement

Time of

Harvest

Potential

Yield

(QtlHa)

N

P

K

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Bengal gram

Lentil

Pigeon pea

Pea

Black gram

Green gram

Cow pea

Moth bean

French bean

Horse gram

Cluster bean

75-80

60-75

12-15

75-80

12-15

15-25

15-20

12-25

25-30

40

20-40

45x23

25-30

x15

100x100

30-45x15

45-60x

15-23

30x30

60x60

45x23

45x60

60x60

60x15

October

Oct-Nov

Apr-May

Mid Oct-Nov

May-June

Sept-Oct

Apr-May(Kharif)

Aug-Sep(Zaid)

Apr-Aug

Apr-May

Feb-May

(Kharif)

Oct-Nov

Sep-Nov

15-20

25

15-20

40

0

20

30-40

75

30-40

50

40

50

0

40

0

50

Mar-Apr

Jan-Apr

Mar-Apr

Nov-Dec

Mar-Apr

Nov-Dec

(Karif)

Mar-Apr

(Zaid)

Nov-Dec

Oct-Nov

Mar-Apr

25-30

15-18

16-20

20-25 dry

8-10

8-12

10-14

80-120

(green pod)

7-8

6-10

Thilsiam Dangte Chunga Ringtute Mawhphurhna

(Chhunzawmna)

-Upa C. Hualkunga

Mission Veng, Aizawl

Gen. 1:26-31; Marka 16:15; Rom 8:18-22

Sawitur tamtak zingah Sava lam

atang hian kan thupui hi I lo ngaihtuah

zawm ang u.

1 Chenna hmun (Habitat):

Savate leh rannungte enkawl tur

chuan an chet duhna hmun buatsaih sak

emaw, a awmsa enkawl that emaw a ngai

a. Heng tel lo hian an nung thei lo. Tunah

ramngaw, kan vahchereu chuan kan vah-

chereu rual rualin chuta cheng thin sava

leh rannungte chu an thih loh pawhin an

thlawk bo nghal thin. Lui tui bawlhhlawh

te hi sangha ten nuam an ti lo, kan paih

kang phei chuan an thi zui a ni mai a.

Thil nung chi tinrengte hian khaw-

sak nan leilung-boruak-tui leh rannung

ilote a mamawh a. Mihringte meuh pawh

hi heng tel lo hi chuan kan khawsa rei thei

bik lo. India hmar thlang lamah khuan

thlaler ramro zau tak Thar Desert an tih

hi a awm a. Chumi laihawl velah ch- uan

mihringte khawsakna hlui Mohenjo Darro

Civilization hun laia an chenna an lai

chhuak a, an khawsak dan a lo chang-

kang tawh viau a ni awm e. Leirawh-

chanin chenna inte an sa a. Kawtthler, tui

luan kawr, hall te leh sulhnu ropui tak tak

te an rauhsan a.

Engatinge chutianga a awm mai ?

ramngaw an thiat chereu va, ruahtui tla a

lo tlema, an ranvulhte’n phul te an pet

kawlh hneh lutuk a. Tichuan ruahtui tla a

tlem tial tial a, thlai a awm thei lova, an

ranvulhte a lo rem a, mihring tan pawh

pemdarh mai lo chu tihtur dang a awm

tawh lo, anmahni maiin khawsa thei bik

hek lo. Tichuan thlaler ram ro a la chang

ta mai a ni, an ti. Keini pawh kan tlang

panga leilung te hi kan enkawl that loh

chuan lei tha a luang ral ang a, engmah

chinna tlak lohvin a lo kawlh ve rut mai

ang. Ei leh bar, sum leh pai awm loh hi

chuan engmah a tih theih tak tak loh,

Pathian rawng pawh hi a bawl that theih

tak tak loh ani hi.

2. Peace and Security

Mihring ang bawk hian thil siam

dangte pawh hian muanna leh himna te hi

an mamawh ve tho va. An chunga thunei-

tute hian chutiang boruak chu kan

siampui loh chuan an khawsa thei bik lo.

Magazine pakhat “Down to Earth”

tih ah hian Bengali mithiam pakhat hian

Bangladesh hi sava pem chi (Migratory

birds) thenkhat tan chuan a him tawh lo,

hmun hla tak tak Siberia ram atang te,

Findland ram atang te leh Australia ram

atangte’n mel 1000 tam tak thlawkin an lo

pem a. Chung chu miten an lo man a, an

tihlum a, a sate an ei a, bazarah te an zuar

a, thlai tana rannung tha lo tak tak

tiremtu-a an that tehlul nen a kum telin

Bangladesh a lo kir leh an tlem tial tial a.

Tunah chuan 1960-1970 chho vel a lo

pem thin ai kha chuan 30% zetin an tlem

zawk tawh ani a lo ti a. Chu chuan an

rama Ecological Balance tichhe phak hial

turah a ngai a. Mizoramah hian chuan

chutiang em em chu a thleng lo mai thei e.

3. Kan Savate

Han sawi zel ila. Nungcha-Savate

leh rannung te hi an tangkaina em em

sawi vak tur awm lem lo mahsela, nun an

tinuamin mi an tihlim ve thin nia. Kan

naupan lai, kapa’n min la dampui ve lai

chuan kum tawp lam, Annual Exam lai vel

te hian zingah thovin lehkhate kan zir ve

thin a. Chutih lai chuan sava chi khat

Chhemhur kan tih lam chi hi kan in bulah

hian a lo awm ziah a, a hram a mawi vak

lo a, a hram zawi si, sava nalh tak pawh

anilo, chaw kan pe ngai lova, han pek

ngaihna pawh a awm lo. Kan khawi pawh

a ni lova, mahse thlasik lai tawh hi chuan

a lo lang ve ziah a. Tichuan inhnaih takin

kan khawsa tlang thin a.

Hun a lo kal zel a, phai lamah

lehkha zir ten kan kal bo va, han haw

chang te hian thlasik lai anih hi chuan a lo

la awm reng a. Tuma khawih kan phal lo.

Pathian khawngaihna leh enkawlna in

kan lo puitling ve a, nupui fanau kan neih

hnu pawhin thlasik dawn tawh hi chuan

alo lang ve ziah a. ‘Kan Savate’ kati mai

thin a. Nileng leng in kan bul hlirah a

khawsa bik lo, a chang chuan khawiah

emaw a thlawk sawn a. Zing leh tlaiah

erawh hi chuan kan bulah bawk a lo kir

leh thin a.

Kum dang ang bawkin 29

th

September, 1994 Ningani chuan a lo haw-

ng leh ta a. Sava lam chanchin ziahna bu

ka enah chuan khatiang sava kha

Australia ram lam atanga lo pem thin te

zinga mi ni awmin ka hria a, Kum khat

chhung hian engemaw lai chuan a bo leh

mai thin a, an khaw hlui lamah a zinkual a

ni mai thei. Kan tet laia mi kha la damin a

lo kal ziah thin a nih loh pawhin a tu a fate

zinga mi chu an ni ngeiin ka ring a. Alo lan

tawh hi chuan kan naupan lai hun te leh

chhungkaw kim a kan awm lai hunte kha

mi a hriatchhuah tir a. Inlaichinna tak tak

nei lem lo mah ila, ka ngaina ve hrim hrim

mai a, ‘Kan Savate’ ka ti deuh fova.

Tichuan, November 2,1994 tlaia a

fu tha hle hle lai mi pakhat hian Air Gun in

a rawn kapthla ta mai a. Chu chu kan

nauten min rawn hrilh vat a, kan naute an

zawn lai a, a chanchin ka han sawi chuan,

akaptute chu an hrilhhai hle mai a, ka

khawngaih letling a, sawi loh theih a niba-

wk si lova. Engmah an sawi lo na a, tun

hnuah chuan rannung pawisawilo awm

mai mai chu an kah leh tawh pawh ka ring

lo. Tichuan, zawn pawh zawng lo chuan

an kalbosan ta mai a, kan zawng kan

zawng a, kan hmu zo lova, khua a thim

dawn ta, nilai zan a ni a, inkhawm tura

kan in siam lai chuan kan zawhte chuan

tina belh hauh lo hian a rawn pu chhuak

ta liau mai a. Mak ka tiin kan lawm hle a,

kan han enchian chuan thla veilam hi a lo

tliak a, a taksa hmundangah hliamna

hnuhma kan hmu lo. Tichuan ‘I duh duh

na laiah lo awm rawh’ tiin kan zawhte nen

chuan kan inkhawmsan ta a, Kan

chhuahsan lai chuan khumlu a khamphei

laiah hian a fu vang mai a.

Kan inkhawmban chuan a ngaiah

khan a lo fu reng mai a. Khawih kan tum

chuan na vaklo hian ka kutah chuan mi-

chuk ve a. Puan a ek berh kan hlauh deuh

avangin kan mut dawn chuan kan fuk

sawn tira. A tuk zingah chuan tlema a

awmhmun sawn deuh in a lo thi der mai

a. Rilru a khawih ve duh khawp mai.

Ahliam kha thih na tham em turah chuan

kan dah lova. Kan zawhte lah chuan

engtin mah a khawihbawk si lova, a mak

khawp mai.

Kum 1995-a rawn inher chhuak leh

a, tumah lo kal an awm tawh lo. Hmun-

dangah chuan kan sava te ang chu ka la

hmu zeuh zeuh thin a. Nimahsela, kan in

bulah chuan tumah an fu ve duh tawh lo.

A chipui dangte pawh khan fukna tlakah

an ngai tawh lo a ni ang. Engemaw changa

ka ngaihtuah phei chuan ka lung te a

chhia a, zahthlak hlein ka hria, sava fukna

tlak loh, fuk duh lohna hmun han nih kha

a zah thlak asin.

‘Thilsiam zawng zawngte chuan

beisei em em in, Pathian fate lo lanna chu

an nghakhlel hle si…’ Kan insawi mawi a,

mahni leh mahni Lalpa lamah kan insawi

thuksiak a. Nimahsela, thilsiam dangte

hian Pathian faah min ngai meuh lo a ni

ang a…kan ni tak tak lovang tih te pawh hi

hlauhawm thei rum rum in ka hria.

Ephesi 5:17- “Chumi avang chuan a duh

suh ula, Lalpa duh zawng enge ni tih lo

hre zawk tawh rawh ru…”

Mat. 7:21- “Lalpa, Lalpa mi ti nazawng

chu vanramah an lo lut lovang a, ka Pa

vana I duhzawng titute erawh chu an lut

ang.”

An sa ei tham pawh ni lo, mawi

tehchiam bawk si lo, kan thil engmah

tipawi bawk si lo, patling pui puiin Air

gun te leh Sairawkherh te a sava te reuh

te te nawmsip bawl nana kan bei thin hi

chu a hlau hle ang. A vengtu turin a kan

han sawisa tlat thin hi chu a pawizia kan

hriat loh vang a ni. Tunah chuan keini

Presbyterian huam chhunga Kohhran

hote hi chuan hetiang lam hi chu I ching

ve tawh lovang u.

Ramsa te, ran te, sangha te leh sava

te, chaw leh thildang tangkaia hman te hi

thil sual a ni lovang. Inthawi nan beram te

leh parva te pawh an lo hmang thin a.

Amaherawhchu sawisak erawh hi chu kan

tih tur a ni lo. Pu Zosaphluia pawhin

Hriangmual tlangval ho sechhun tur

khawlaia chaih a hau nasa mai tih kan

upate’n an sawi thin.

Thawkkhat lai khan Jim Corbet-a

lehkhabu “Man Eaters of Kumaon” tih te

leh “My India” tih sakei chanchin a ziahna

te kha ka chhiar a. Sakei huai tam tak

mihring sehtu a beih dan velte chu a

ngaihnawm khawp mai. Sakei chanchin a

sawi pakhatah chuan, “Sakei no hruai fate

sa beih dan zirtir lai tih loh hi chuan an

mamawh bak sa an seh ngai lo. Nawmsip

bawlnan ramsate an hmang ve ngai lo” a

ti a. Pathian faa invuah ve si te hi ramsa

kawlhte ai pawha nunrawng zawk te kan

lo nih phei chuan a fel lo hle ang. Kan

Kristian nunah hian zir tur engemaw tak

chu kan nei alawm.

4. Rannung chunga ngilneih

Rannung chunga ngilneih hrim

hrim te hi kum zabi tharah hi chuan ching

uar ila. Dan naranin ui hi chu kan duat

deuh tlangpui a. Ui te chi 2 kan nei ve a, a

var buk leh a tial hi. A var chu ‘Zama’ a ni

a, a tial zawk chu ‘Dina’ a ni ve thung a. A

tir chuan thutthlenga an vah kai pawh kan

phal lova. Nimahsela, an lo duat-awm em

avangin lo pawm tawk te kan awm a.

Thutthleng chu sawi loh, khumah te pawh

an lawn kai chho ta zel a. Khuma thawm-

hnaw dahkhawm vel chunga bawh te hi

an nuam tihzawng tak mai hi a lo ni a.

‘Zing chaw ei lai te hian khuma an lawn

kai chuan hnawhthlak zel tur a ni’ tih dan

leh thupekte hi ka han puang a. Nimah-

sela kan naute chuan khuma an mu lai hi

an hmu ve ngai hauh lo nia. Khawvawh

deuh laite phei hi chuan shawl hnuaiah te

hian an lo mu leh reng thin a, tunge

khuhtu tihte hi hriat a har khawp asin.

Rante hi kan vulh duh a nih rau rau

chuan I duat ang u. Vawk-in tawt lutuk te,

a chhuat chhe lutuk te hi chei tha ila

chuan an lawm khawp ang. An pang han

zut te, hiah te leh han ben thek thek te hi

nautete ang bawk hian kan rante hian an

lawm asin. An in te hi I vawng thianghlim

ang u.

Rom 8:19 ‘Thilsiam zawng zawngte

chuan beisei em emin Pathian fate lo

lanna chu an nghakhlel hle si. Thilsiam

zawng zawngte chu thil lawilo thu thua

awmtirin an awm tawh…beiseina neiin

thilsiam zawng zawngte ngei pawh chu

chhiatna bawi ata tihchhuahin an awm

ang a, Pathian fate zalenna ropuiah chuan

an lut dawn si a…’

Thilsiam dangte enkawl that loh

hian Pathian Thu a kalh avangin, anchhia

pawh a keng tel nghal dawn lawm ni, a

tuartu chu keimahni bawk kan ni mai a.

Enkawl that erawh hi chuan malsawmna

a keng ngeiin a rinawm. Heng sangha

vuak te, tura hrai te, ramngaw suat te, ra-

wtuai khawrh lutuk te hian ram a tibuai a.

Nungchate a um bova, boruak tha oxygen

siamtu a titlem a. Khawvel mithiamte

pawhin hetiang lam hi alawm an buaipui-

Pollution chi hrang hrang min tikhawlo

thei sawi tur a tam. Keini ringtu, khawvel

vawngthatu tur ‘Lei chi’ tia kan Lal Isua’n

a kohte hi I hawi zau ang u.

Global Warming leh Green House

Effect:

Global Warming leh Green House

Effect an tihte hi TV lamah te leh News-ah

te hian kan hre ve fova, enge a awmzia?

Ram vawta miten khawlum thlai an chin

ve theih nan an huan engemaw lai glass-in

emaw polythene-in emaw an zar a, an

tilum thin a. Ni atang khian lum leh eng te

khawvelah hian kan lo dawng thin a.

Chung lum te chu a then leiin a lo hip

(absorbed) bet a, chu chuan min tilum a. A

then lei tuamtu boruakah a sawhkhawk

(reflect) leh a. Green House-ah chuan ni

atanga lum leh eng short wave lokal

chuan glass emaw kha a paltlang mai a.

Mahse lei atanga sawhkhawk kha chu

Long wave a lo ni a. Chuchuan glass kha a

paltlang ve thei si lova, a tilum zual ta thin

a ni. Green House chu Mizopa aiawtah

chakai a lut thei a, a chhuak leh thei si lo

ang hi a ni mai. A lum a lut a, a chhuak leh

thei si lova. Chuchuan boruak a tilum ta a

ni.

Tichuan Global warming an tih chu

Green House Effect ang hi a lo ni leh a.

Min hualtu boruakah bawlhhlawh chi

hrang hrang tam tak carbon-dioxide te,

vaivut te, meikhu te leh thil eng eng emaw

a tam chuan leiin lum a thehchhuahte

khan glass ang bawkin an paltlang thei ta

lova. Chuvang chuan kan khawvel hi a

lum tial tial a ni an ti. Chu chu enge a

pawina kan ti mai thei. Mihring leh

nungcha dangte tan a pawi lutuk, enge a

rawn thlen?

1) Climate, khaw awmdan a mumal

lovang;

2) Temperature a lo sang ang a, chuchuan

chhim leh hmar vur tlang a titui ang a. Sea

level a lo sang ang. Mithiamten an chhut

dan chuan 70 cm chauh pawhin lo sang ta

sela, thliarkar tamtak a chim buai bakah,

tuifinriat kama khua leh lawngchawlh-

nate a tibuai ang a. Aigupta ramah phei

chuan mipui 16% pem darh a ngai ang;

3) Bul leh bal thar a tlahniam ang;

4) Tui lianin mi a ti buai hle bawk ang;

Tunah hian thilsiamna khawl tam

tak avang leh lirthei motor ilo avangin

boruaka carbon-dioxide lengvel a pung

chho zel a. Kum 1950-80 kum 30 emaw

lek chhungin boruaka carbon-dioxide

lengvel hi a let 16 aia tamin a pung

chhova. A lo hip raltu tur ramngaw kan

dukdarh bawk si a. Tunah Brazil rama

ngawpuite khu an tukdarh phei chuan

khawvel hian a lum phah leh zual turah

an ngai a.

Keini tak hi chuan kan khawvel

boruak hi kan tichhe vak lo mai thei e.

Amaherawhchu hetianga khawvelin an

buaipui hi chu ngaihven ve deuh chu a

ngai alawm. Hetiang lamah hi chuan

World Health Organization (WHO) ho

thuvawn - “Rei lote khawvela ka awm-

chhung hian a tichhetu nih ka tum lo” tih

hi hriat ve atan a tha khawp mai.

Kan chenna khawvel vawnfai leh

tihthianghlim.

Tunlai khawvel buaipui ber pakhat

chu bawlhhlawh-pollution chi hrang

hrang chungchang hi a ni a. Air…

Water…Noise…Carbage…Industrial Wast-

es…etc.

Thilsiam dangte enkawlna kawng-

ah hian thil ropui tak kan ti thei lo a nih

pawhin kan zavai hian tih nghal mai theih

leh tih theih theuh kan nei a. Chu chu kan

chenna khawvel vawnfai leh tihthiang-

hlim hi a ni.

1) Inchhung leh a vel vawnfai leh

tihthianghlim te hi a hrisel bakah chen a

tinuam a, a pawimawh hle a ni;

2) Kan inbul kalkawng leh stepte hi

tifai theuh ila chuan a nuam hle ang;

3) In leh a vel vawnfai hi a nawm

bakah a hrisel a, a pawimawh khawp mai.

Kum 1929 minpui kum khan tam a lo tla

a. Chu chu santen hrilengin a zui a. Aizawl

khawipuiah pawh hian mi tamtakin an

thihphah a. Kan upaten an sawi dan chuan

Mission vengah chuan mi an thi ve mang

hauh lo nia. Missionary-ten inchhung

vawn fai dan te an lo zirtir hman tawh a,

tui chhuan so loh chu an in ngai bawk

lova. Chuvangin nula leh tlangvalte pawh

lusunte buaipuiin veng dangah an

hmanhlel a ni awm e. Chuvangin hetiang

thil mawl te te pawh hi I ngaihtuah thar

leh ang u. Malsawmna kan tihte hi kan

dawng leh nghal zel asin.

“Khawvel zawng zwngah kal ula,

thilsiam zawng zawng hnenah Chanchin

Tha hi hril rawh u” kan Lal Isua’n a ti.

Amen.

Report on Trainers’ Training - cum - MAESA

General Conference

-R. Zoramthanga, AAIO

A hun : 21-22.03.2001

A hmun : Agriculture Conference

Hall, Aizawl.

Mizoram Sawrkar (Agriculture

Department) buatsaih, Trainers’ Trainin-

ig - cum - Mizoram Agri. Executive Service

Association (MAESA), General Conference

chu Executive Service Staff mi 100 velin

tluang takin an hmang a, He Trainers’

Training ah hian Mizoram ei leh bara a

intodelh theihna tur thupui - Cultivation

of Important Kharif Crops (Cereal Crops &

Pulses Crops) tih zirho a ni.

He Trainers’ Training - cum MAESA

General Conference-a khuallian Pu

C.Lalrinsanga, Minister of State i/c

Agriculture etc chuan, “Agriculture

Department-a Executive Service Staff ten

ataka an hnathawhte a lo hlawhtlin a, ei

leh bara Mizoram a lo intodelh theihna

tura hmalakna an neih hmasawnna ropui

tak a nih thu leh, ram intodelhna hi

Sawrkar Department leh mipuite’n a

hrang theuh a thawhchhuah chi a ni lova.

Sawrkarin policy a duang a, Department-a

thawktute’n an thiamna hmanga mipui

(loneitute) an kawhhmuh mipui (loneitu)

te’n an zawma an tanhona atanga a tak

tak rawn thleng apiangin hma an sawn a.

Phaizawl ram kan neih tlem avangin

tlangram atan pawh Sawrkar-in ruahm-

anna a siam mek thu leh Kharif crops-a

intodelhna tur a tan kan laknaah hian

Rabi season thlaite tibuai lo zawnga buh

thar hma chi leh hlawk chi chin uar a tul

a; thlai a lo thar hlawk zawk theihna turin

leitha (Chemical Fertilizers leh FYM)

hman uar a tul a ni,” ati.

He Trainers’ Traning-Cum-MAESA

Conference a Khual Zahawm (Guest of

Honour) Dr.O.P.Singh, Director of Agri-

culture & Minor Irrigation chuan,

“Agriculture Department-a thawktu Agri.

Scientist-te leh Technical Field Staff-te

hian Sawrkar policy tihlawhtling thei

turin kan thiamna leh kan finna Mizoram

tan kan hmang tur a ni a. Thlai chi tha leh

hlawk (HYV) te kan hmang uar zel dawn

a; Mizoram loneitute tan chhenfakawm

zawkin kan thawk tur a ni a, Crops cutting

experiment report leh harvest report

pawh dik takin kan ti tur a ni,” a ti.

Mizoram Agri. Executive Service

Assn. (MAESA) membarte chuan ei leh

bara Mizoram a lo intodelh ngei theihna

turin theihtawpa tan lak thar chhun-

zawm zel an tum a, Mizoramah thlai thar

chhuah a lo tam zawk theihna turin

Resolution hetiangin an siam;

1. Loneitu mimal leh a zau-te hnenah

tuikawng siamna tur leh repairna tur

pawisa tam zawk dah theih nise, DAO leh

a staff-ten heng tuikawng (irrigation) leh

land development te hi enkawl se;

2. Thlai thar tam zawkna atan double

cropping uar zel nise, thlai chi tha leh thar

hlawk chi (HYV) chauh chin nise;

3. Ran khuahkhirhna Dan hi lekkawh

tlat nise;

4. Chemical Fertillzer hi thlai thar a lo

hlawk zawk theihna turin Balance (NPK)

a hman nise, Aizawlah chauh nilovin, Sub-

Division tinah hralh theih tura retail

outlet siam nise.

He Trainers’ Traning-Cum-MAESA

Conference hi MJA-te’n an ho thei reng a,

Neihbawi Agriculture Farm-ah MJA-te nen

Field Trip neih a ni. State Biological

Laboratory hnathawh dan leh Neihbawi

Argi. Farm-a thlai thar tha leh hlawk chi

chin mek te en ho a ni. Pu. C.Lalnithanga,

SMS (PP) leh Pu Zokhuma Varte, Farm

Manager te’n hneh takin Field Trip-a kalte

hi min lo dawngsawng a, chawhlui kilho

nghal a ni.

Mizoram Agri. Executive Service

Association (MAESA) chuan kum 2001 -

2003 chhunga an hruaitu turin heng mite

hi an thlang:

President :

Pu R. Zoramthanga, AAIO

Vice President :

Pu R. Rozuala, AEO

Gen.Secretary :

Pu K. Laltanpuia, AAI

Secretary i/c Orgn. :

Pu R. Lalpianmawia, AEO

Secretary i/c Information :

Pu R. Zothanmawia, AD

Treasurer :

Pu T. Ngurkhuma, AD

Finance Secretary :

Pu V.L. Zidinga Sailo, S/K

Dr. O.P.Singh, Director of Agriculture & Minor Irrigation

in ‘TRAINERS’ TRAINING’ in thu a sawi lai (21.03.2001)

LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION, MECHANIZATION,

PRIVATIZATION AND MARKETING.

-Lalthanzuala

M.Sc. (Agri), Agro. PG Dip. Agmark

Subject Matter Specialist (Agro)

Aizawl West District, Aizawl.

Pu M.K.Gandhi chuan, “Eitur pe si

lovin tuk zan eitur nei lo mipui nuai tam

hmaah hian Pathian thu hrilh thin ila a

sawt lovang; an ni tan chuan Pathian chu

eitur anga lo thleng tura beisei a ni,” a ti.

Keini Mizo mipui nuai sawm dawn tan

hian eitur hi a pawimawh, intodelh ila

Pathian hnaih pawh a awl zawk awm e.

Kan Sawrkarin tan lakna tur atana

a tih ngaih pawimawh em em Agriculture

Department thuvawn lo ni ta chu ‘Large

Scale Production, Mechanization leh Pri-

vatization’ a ni. Thar tam thu sawi chuan,

Mechanization leh Privatization te chu a

kut ke pawimawh an ni a, thar tam ngawt

ai pawh a, thar hlawkna lam kawk thei a

ni. Thar hlawk hi Agriculture Department

leh a mithiamte’n an ngaihpawimawh leh

tehfung a ni. Large Scale Production, Me-

chanization leh Privatization kan sawi

hian Marketing telh ve hi tulin ka hria a.

Large Scale Production kut ke (com-

ponent) pawimawh, a goal anga sawi

theih, Privatize ngai, Large Scale Pro-

duction hmahruaitu leh hnungdawl tu a

ni.

Large Scale Production: kan thlai

tharte a lo tama a lo pun thur thurna atan

hengte hi a pawimawh a, kan hrechiang

tur a ni.

1) Planning tha leh mumal.

2) Thlai chi tha leh thar hlawk.

3) Chemical leh Organic fertilizer dik

taka hman.

4) Plant Protection.

5) Irrigation khawp kham leh thlai

chin atanga a seng thlenga enkawl dan

tha (Optimum Cultural Practice) zawm.

Planning tha hi sawrkar leh

Private tan a pawimawh. Kan dept. pawh

planning ah hian hma thar lak kan ngai

tawh hle awm e. Input reng reng kan

mamawh zat kan duh na hmunah a hun

dik taka hman theih turin kan ruahman

lawk vek tur a ni. Chu chu dik tak leh

thiam takin kan hmang tur a ni. Thar tam

ngawt ni lovin thar hlawk kan tling tur a

ni. Chu chu tin hmunah hectare khat

hmunah chuti zat ka thar tihna a ni. Kan

thar hlawk loh chuan a economical lova,

Agriculture-ah mi kan hruai lovang. Tin,

Large Scale Production atana kan

mamawh em em mai chu irrigation tha

leh khawpkham a ni.

Mechanization : Khawl tha hmanga

lei leh te, buh seng leh buh vuak te hi a

sawt a, a hna a tha zawk bawk. Tin, a

tlawm zawk. Chumai a ni lo, thlai chi

thlak leh phunsawn te, lei tha pek te, thlai

venhim hnathawh te hi khawl hmanga tih

theih vek a ni. Chu chu thar tam nan thil

tul zing ami (component) a ni. Post Har-

vest (senghnu) lam pawh thlir ila, kuta

buh den nge awlsama, tha a, man tlawm

zawk ang, khawla den? Chu chu Mechani-

zation thatna tawi te fiah tak, a theih

hram chuan kan tih ngei tur atana itawm

tak chu a ni.

Privatization : ‘Mahni tana chakai

khawrh’ tiin hrilhfiah ila a tha awm e.

Mahni tan a nih hian tih that duh a awl a,

pute tan emaw vantlang leh pawl tan hi

chuan theihtawp chhuah a har deuh thin.

Communist emaw socialist rama mipui

te’n an thawhchhuah kha anmahni pual

tur a ni lo tih an hriat vek avangin mahni

thu a thawhrim harsa an ti a, an tha a na

thin. Democracy ramah erawh chuan

chutiang a ni lova, an ram pawh a

changkangin a hausa zawk fo.

Chutiang chuan Sorkar-in a thawh

hian mimal tluk a har thin a, mimal kutah

lo neih thlai chin leh a hmanrua ngaih-

tuah te hi awm se, a hlawkna direct-in tel

ila, a hlawk loh chang pawhin tuar ta ila,

kan thatpui ang tih hi a rinawm thin.

Entirnan, Department Truck nge thawk

hlawk ang Private Truck?

Marketing : Large Scale Production

kan sawi veleha thil lo lang ve nghal mai

thin chu Marketing hi a ni. Thar tamin

kan ei sen loh thar ila, Marketing kan

mamawh a, achang chuan mahni pawhin

kan mamawh ve tho, neih tam leh thar

tam vang ni lo pawhin hralh a tul thin.

Chuvangin Marketing hi ban theih a ni lo.

Tin, Marketing hi Sorkar thawh tur

chauh emaw kan ti a, Privatise chi bawk a

ni. Sorkar chet hun a awm ang a, Private,

thartu emaw sumdawngtu (middle man)

chet hun a awm ang. Marketing-ah hian

Sorkar leh mipui ngaihdan chiang tawk lo

a awm thin. Surplus Production (marke-

table Surplus) a awmin ram chhung leh

pawnah hralh theih a ni a, a hralhtu atan

Private pawh, Sorkar pawh, Semi Govt.

pawh a ni thei. Foreign Exchange an neih

ang ang kha ram tan hausakna a ni vek.

Chuvangin Border Trade te hmachhuana

kan thlai thar a hring emaw a ro emaw

Sorkar chauh hralh thei a kan ngai hi a

dik lo.

Tin, kan thar ang ang to taka

Sorkar lei tura kan beisei reng hi

ngaihdan letling a ni. Sorkar chuan thlai

thlan bik (Notified) neiin, a tharchhuah

na man (Cost of Production) aia tlema

sang deuh (Incentive) si a lei turin kum

tirah a puang lawk diam thin. Chu chu

loneitu, an thlai thar te hralhna hre lova

hawihai leh hloh tur te, kum leh lama an

chin duh leh phahna tura tiphur tu leh

veng tu, ‘Minimum Support Price’ an tih,

Central Sorkar leh State Sorkar thenkhat

te’n an puan thin chu a ni. FCI buhfai,

Punjab leh Haryana vela Procurement

Price leh Transportation Charge baka

senso la awm te belhkhawm hu veka

Zorama kan buh thar Sorkar lei tura kan

tintuah thin hi a neitu rilru lo deuh thin.

Engpawh nise, marketing tha hi

Post Harvest Practice nimahse Large

Scale Production component, Mechanise

leh Privatise ngai a ni.

Champhai leilet ram a Tractor ten buhchin nan an buatsaih lai.

PLANT PROTECTION - KAN HIMNA

C. Rokhuma

Mission Vengthlang

Mau rah a pung zel angin sazu pawh

a pung tual tual a, a hrang deuh deuh

bawk.

Kum 1959 Mautam tur kan lo

urlawk dan han chhuiletin Tam Do Pawl

(The Anti-Famine Organisation, Mizoram)

khan Mizoram, Assam leh Central Plant

Protection te kha a lo ti tangrual a, an

thawk nasa a. Thlawhhma zawng zawng

hum zo lo mahse, khaw tamtak thlawhhma

an chhanchhuak a. Mizo inchhung

khawsak ah leh ram chhung mipui

hmasawnna lamah pawh kan changkan

phah nasa hle a ni. Thlai huan kan uar a,

kawng tha, Jeep kawng kan sial nasa a,

mihring chhungkaw khawsak tihautak,

khawiahpawh, khawpui leh thingtlangah

ram lama hnathawk tu pawh ni lem lovin,

tukthuan leh zanriah relbawl ang chiahin

chhun chaw ei ngei ngei tura inngaih

tlatna kan nei a, chu chu kan pi leh pu te

hun atanga kan rochun a ni nghe nghe a, a

nghet em em a, hun chhiarna bi pakhat,

atan “Chaw fak hun” tih kan hmang thin a

nih hi. Chu chu Mautam hnu hian a lo bo ta

a, a tlangpuiin ram lama hnathawk chauh

lo te chuan chaw chhun an ei tawh ngai lo.

Hei hi chaw renna tha tak, thlawhhma

zawhna anga ngaih theih a ni .

Chaw chhangdo atan thlai leh

chhang lam hmanna pawh a pung tial tial

a; 2007 Mautam hnuah phei khi chuan,

kan chaw pakhat atan pangbal ang te hi

kan hmang thei tawh em ang chu.

Kum 1959 Mautam inbuatsaihna

kan hmasawnpui tak em em zel zinga sawi

hmaih phal rual loh pakhat chu,

Agriculture Dept. chhunga a hran ngata

Plant Protection Cell a lo ding ta zel hi a ni.

A tir takah chuan, Tam Do Pawl

ziaktu hi, Central Crop (Honorary) Agency

a ni a. Khatia sazu a lo pun tak zel thu kha

Central-ah a zuk thlen a, chu chu lo

ngaipawimawhin Central Plant Protection

Officer Aizawl-ah an rawn tir a; sazu beih

dan rel turin, chutih laia Agriculture hotu

ber, Hokindro Roy pisa, Treasury square

ah hruaitu pawimawh te nen Tam Do Pawl

ziaktu thu rawt, Plant Protection Cell siam

ve ni rawh se, tih thu chu march ni 12,

1958 nilaini ah ngaihtuah a ni ta a.

Chu Conference ah chuan Central

P.P.O chuan, “Budget Session zawh a ni

tawh a, Assam in pawisa a nei kher lo thei

e. Mahse, he thil hi thil pawimawh tak anih

avangin hetah hian hawng turin pass ila,

Shillong a Tribal Ministry ah ka bawhzui

anga, kumin atan chuan Central lamin a

sum kan tum mai ang” a ti a. Kan lawm hle

a; thla te kan la ho va.

Chutih laia Central Plant Protection

officer i/c NE India, Mr Sundaran Pillai

haw thla chuan Assam sorkar hnenah a

zuk nawr nghal ta chiam a, Assam sorkar

inpeihlo tak chu Central inphalna avangin

chumi Kum Financial Year chhunga tan

Mizoram a Plant Protection Cell siam chu

an remti ta a, a senso tur pawh Rs.

16,260/- Sanction nghal ani a; chuta

thawk tur te chu - Plant Protection Inspe-

ctor 2, Plan Protection Fieldman 2, Peon 2

atan immediate appointment ti nghal turin

order an rawn ti chhuak nghal a, chu

lehkha copy chuan Tam Do Pawl ziaktu

hnen pawh a lo thleng ve nghal a, chu chu

25.5.1958 - a tihchhuah a ni. 12.3.58 - a

rawt kha ani a, a rang hle mai.

Mizoram Agriculture Department-

in a hranpa ngata Plant Protection Cell a

neih hmasak ber tur chu, chu kum June

thla ah tan nghal a ni ta a; Plant Protection

Inspector hmasa ber atan Pu Lianrawna,

Agri. - a thawk lai mek chu Promotion in a

tang ta a, a thachhang dalte chu Pu Lai-

buaia te, Pu Rualkhama te an ni. Rim takin,

tluang takin hna a kal a, Agriculture hming

ti tha tu leh timawitu tak a ni ta reng a.

Kum 1 a lo ral dawn ta mai a, a

hawn tan danah khan Assam sorkar khan

a la hre ran mai a ni chek anga, kan ram

pumpui in sazu rual chhiar sen loh a

hmachhawn tan chauh tihin Mizoram a

Plant Protection worker-te chu ram pawn

lamah (Garo ram) lamah sawn chhuah vek

tur thupek a lo chhuak ta ut mai a. Hei hian

thawktu te a barakhaih nasa em em a,

chhantu tur pawh a zawng hmanhmawh

nasa hle a, Tam Do Pawl, a ngen chhuaktu

anga ngaih theih pawh kha an rawn sawm

ve a; Tam Do Pawl pawh chuan a thiam

ang tawkin an hna pawimawh zia te khawl

chhut lehkha phek khat (Fullscape 1)

ngawt mai chipchiar zetin thirhrui an zuk

thawn ve a, an lo ngaipawimawh der ve a

ni ang; hetiangin a chhanna an rawn

thawn a, a saptawngin han tarlang

ila:TELEGRAPH.EXPRESS.STATE

“To, The General Secretary, Anti

Famine Campaign Organisation Mizo

District Aizawl; for information, with

reference to his telegram dated 10/3/59

on discussion with the Tribal Areas

department, it is understood that they are

taking the matter with the Finance

Department. They are agreeable to the

continuation of the staff.

Superintendent, Development Bra-

nch, Directorate of Agriculture, Assam,

10/3/59 tiin.

He thu awmzia chu :-

“Tam Do Pawl ziaktu hnenah, a

thirhrui thawn chu, Assam Tlang Ram

vawngtu te leh Assam sorkar sumpui

enkawl tu ten beng sika an lo sawi hovin,

Zoram thlawhhma chhantu te chu an awm

zel phalsak ngei awm niin an hria tih ka

han hriattir e”, tih a ni.

Heta tang hi chuan Assam sorkar

sum hmangin nghet tak leh thlamuang

takin Mizoram Thlawhhma chhan turin a

awm na pangngai Agriculture Department

chhungah a awm hlen ta zel a ni.

Plant Protection Cell or Wing - ah

hian mi thiam tam tak ten zu-va laka

Zoram thlawhhma leh huan thlai te ven-

him pui turin an thil thiam bawlhlo te nen

a tul ang anga che mai thei turin an inpeih

reng a. Tun hnai maiah pawh, khau rual te,

khuangbai te puanna hmun apiang chu an

bawh rap rap zel a; lo leh huan thlai tam

tak an chhanchhuak ani.

Reilote ah hian, Mau Tam kan

hmabak pawh hi reilo te ah lo thleng mai

tur ani a; Plant Protection hnathawktu te

hian kut kuangkuah in an thlir mai lo tih

hria ila, puan ven an sawi chhing a, a tul

lam lam bawh turin an inpeih ta reng mai

le. Pathian em tih loah chuan, kan ram buh

leh bala intodelh kan tum laia min

hlawhchham tir laia Zu-va ho inbuatsaih

ve mek te laka kan himna ber tur chu, tun

hma ang bawkin Plant Protection thawktu

te bawk hi an ni tih hrai ila, kan harsatna

tawh apiangah an mahni rawn nachang

pawh i hria ang u.

I rin aiin Mau Tam a hnai tawh a nia.

PU H. THANKHUMA Deputy Director (Extension) in

“Workshop on organic farming “Dt 20

th

– 21

st

March,2000

aneih a kaihruai lai.

PU C. LALRINSANGA M.OS. AGRI.

“RABI WORKSHOP” a khuallian in thusawi lai.

(2-11-2000)

MILLENIUM EXHIBITION 2001

tractor chi hrang hrang Agri. Deptt. in mipui en theih a a pho

chhuah lai.

TUICHHUAHEN PROJECT (KOLASIB)

a purun chin na hmun (5

th

.Feb 2001)

“MILLENIUM EXHIBITION 2001”

PU. C. LALRINSANGA M.O.S. Agri. Stall

a tlawh lai (7

th

-15

th

Feb 2001)

ZAWLPUI, MATLUI KAM SERCHHIP RAM A

BUH SENG ZAWH VELA TEL ANTAM CHIN ZAWM

(RELAY CROPPING) TIAKCHHO MEK LAI. (18-01-2001)

PU. HRANGCHUNGNUNGA, KANAN VENG WET TERACE

Kawrthindeng zau (Rangvamual) a thlasik thlai chinna hmun buatsaih lai

(01.12.20000.)

Tui lak theihna hmun tawh phawt chu ramrem vak lo

mahse miten an hmangtangkai mek ani.

Thlai hriak nei (Niger) chinna hmun

Saihapui November 2000 aphun sawn.

BABY CORN - A POTENTIAL CROP FOR

CULTIVATION IN MIZORAM

K. Laxminarayana, N.S.A Azad Thakur and D.K. Verma.

ICAR Research Complex for N.E.H Region,

Mizoram Centre, Kolasib, Mizoram-796081.

INTRODUCTION

The term “Baby Corn” is commonly

used by the food industry, refers to the

young flowering corn ear harvested betw-

een two days before silking and three days

after silking, depending upon the develop-

ment conditions of the plant and size of

the cob. Baby corn production technology

is very recent development, it was in

1970’s when Thai Government and later

on other countries like Guatemala, Zambia,

South Africa, selected Baby corn product-

ion for the rapid growth of country’s

economy because of it’s potential as the

value addae product and good for food

substitute. The economy of Thailand has

been increased tremendously in the last

two decades, which can be visualised by

the export figure of canned baby corn to

U.S.A. was from 67 t (worth of U.S. $

38,059) in 1974 to 36,761 t (worth of U.S.

$ 22 millions) in 1992 and today Thailand

has become the world leader in the export

of both fresh and canned baby corn.

Baby corn pickles are already being

available in European and American

markets. Canned baby corn ears with stir-

fry vegetables including Broccoli are ser-

ved in Chinese-American and European

restaurants. Recently baby corn ears are

available in the European markets for use

as an additional decorative, crispy vege-

table in Salads. This commercial product

of traditional Maize is a delicious and

nutritive vegetable fetching a very high

price in the national and international

markets. Baby corn may be eaten as raw

as salad or used as ingredients in various

preparations viz. Chop-suey (Chinbese

dish), Soup, deep fried with meat or rice,

souteed with other vegetables, pickles and

corn pakoras etc. It is rich in phosphorous

content (86 mg/100g edible portion in

comparison to 21-57 mg/100g in other

vegetables). It is low calorie vegetable,

high in fibre and without cholesterol.

SCOPE IN MIZORAM

Mizoram has a diversified climate

and great potentiality for baby corn

cultivation. From the ancestor periods,

maize is the second most important cereal

crop next to rice, grows in the jhum areas

in the middle and low altitude areas in this

state. Maize occupied around 8.6% of total

cultivated area (8,681 ha) with a produc-

tion of 16,589 MT in Mizoram. Mostly it is

growing in jhum areas after slash and

burning of the forest cover. With proper

management practices and adoption of

modern technologies, the crop product-

ivity will be enhanced. The adoption of

Baby corn technology can achieve good

returns to the farmers and their

economical status will be improved. The

management practices of Baby corn

cultivation are similar to maize except

higher population density, higher fertili-

zation of nitrogen and phosphorous and

harvesting at appropriate time.

VARIETIES

Most of the corn hybrids suitable

for baby corn purpose have been

developed by private sectors except few

by the public sectors. Cultivars like Napier,

JX-180, Jubilee, NY-569, MTH-14, VL-42,

IPH-921, IPH-929 and PSM-3. Among

these varieties, VL-42 (hybrid) ill be more

suitable to the agro-climatic conditions of

Mizoram. Crop duration of baby corn is

only about 60 days compared to the 110-

120 days for grain crop.

SEASON

Generally June-July, October-

November and January-February sowings

are recommended. But as per the agro-

climatic conditions of Mizoram, second

fortnight of April to first fornight of June is

the best time for sowing of baby corn in

jhum areas.

LAND PREPARATION

As the topography is sloppy and

undulating in nature, the land should be

dug 1-2 times. Well drained sandy loam to

silly loam soils are best suited for baby

corn cultivation. Apply the well rotten

FYM and mix it well with the soil, level and

keep ready for sowing.

SEED RATE AND SPACING

A seed rate of 35-40 kg/ha is

recommended for baby corn. Optimum

spacing should be 40x20 cm with a plant

population of 1,20,000 to 1,25,000 per ha.

MANURES AND FERTILIZERS

An application of 10-15 t/ha FYM or

compost and a fertilizer dose of 150-60-40

kg N, P2O5 AND K2O/HA IS

RECOMMENDED. As the soils are acidic in

nature and hence application of 2 t/ha

lime is needed once in three years.

Farmyard manure should be applied at

least one month before sowing of the crop.

Application of 1/3 of N, entire doses of P &

K at basal and the balance N should be

applied in 2 equal slits at crown root

initiation (25 days after sowing) and pre-

tasseling stage (40 days after sowing),

respectively. Nitrogen requirement is little

more than grain crop of maize.

PLANT PROTECTION

Spraying of endosulphan @ 2.50

ml/lit at 20-25 days after sowing of the

crop required as the preventive measure.

Spraying Simazine/Atrazine @ 2.5-3.0

kg/ha dissolved in 750 lts of water on the

soil to control the weeds.

DETASSELING

Detasseling is an essential opera-

tion in the cultivation of baby corn. It is

done by removing the tassel of the plant as

soon as it emerges from the flag and

before it starts shedding pollen gains to

prevent the fertilization. Detasseling sh-

ould be done generally after 45 days of

sowing, depending on the variety and

continued for 8-10 days. Detasseling

results in higher number of cobs/plant

and gives 15-18% higher yield.

HARVESTING

For better quality, baby cobs are

harvested when they attain 8-10 cm

length, 1-1.5 cm diameter and 7-8 g

weight. Young baby cobs should be

carefully hand picked within 2-3 days

after silk emergence from the leaf sheath,

so that the upper stem portion and lower

leaves do not break. If silk grows older and

longer, the quality of cob deteriorates.

First picking of the cobs can be done 45-50

days after sowing at every third day and 7-

8 pickings can be done from a single crop.

The fresh cobs with husks must be sent to

the market immediately to avoid weight

loss. Harvesting of unfertilized cobs are

done every day in the morning and

generally 4-5 pickings are required to

harvest complete crop in 80-90 days. After

harvesting, dehiscing is done manually

and dehusked tender cobs are classified

on the basis of their length as large (10-13

cm), medium (7-10 cm), small (4-7 cm)

and mixed broken cobs. To maintain the

quality, in each class there should not be

more than 5% of other kind of cob mixture

and dehusked cobs.

YIELD AND ECONOMICS

Average yield of 14-18 q/ha of

dehusked ears and 90-120 q/ha of husked

ears can be obtained from a single crop. In

addition, 250-400 q/ha green fodder can

be obtained. At least 2 crops from May to

September in hilly areas and 3-4 crops in

plain can be raised.

ECONOMICS OF HYBRID BABY CORN CULTIVATION :

1. Land preparation: Rs. 5,000.00

2. Labour cost:

a. Application of FYM 10 man days @ Rs. 70 Rs. 700.00

b. Making of ridges & furrows 10 man days @ Rs. 70 Rs. 700.00

c. Fertilizer application & 10 man days @ Rs. 70 Rs. 700.00

sowing of seeds

d. Other intercultivation practices 50 man days @ Rs. 70 Rs. 3,500.00

e. Plant protection chemical spraying 15 man days @ Rs. 70 Rs. 1,050.00

f. Detasseling 05 man days @ Rs. 70 Rs. 350.00

g. Harvesting 30 man days @ Rs. 70 Rs. 2,100.00

3. Inputs :

a. Seeds (35-40 kg) Rs. 8,000.00

b. FYM 10 tonnes @ Rs. 300/ton Rs. 3,000.00

c. Fertilizers Rs. 3,000.00

d. Herbicides Rs. 900.00

e. Pesticides Rs. 30,000.00

4. Average yield of baby corn : 100 q/ha and selling price @ Rs. 8/kg Rs. 80,000.00

Fodder yield : 25 t/ha and selling price @ 200/ton Rs. 5,000.00

Gross Income Rs. 85,000.00

Net Profit Rs. 55,000.00

A net profit of Rs. 55,000/ha can be

obtained from a single crop of baby corn,

whereas an average net income from grain

maize is Rs. 15,000/ha, which is quite low.

Productivity can be increased by adapt-

ation of improved cultivation practices.

Baby corn production technology can be

exploited through appropriate research

programmes. It can be a better alternative

to other vegetables

as it can be grown 3-4 times in one year. In

Thailand, large-scale commercial culti-

vation of baby corn has been successful

and the country has emerged as the

leading producer and exporter of baby

corn. Agro-climatic conditions of Mizoram

is favourable to produce at least 2 crops in

one year and the farmers can obtain a net

profit of Rs. 1,00,000/- by adopting

modern technologies and better manage-

ment practices.

Darlak – Bawngvate kam thlasik thlai – Motor Channa leh Vaimim te chinna hmun a ni. Fur

Buhseng hnu ah Tractor te hmangin lei leh a ni.

NEMATODES

(Diseases and Control Method)

-Dr. Lalmuanzovi

Nematodes are worm - like

organisms which are the natural fauna of

soil and water. Free living nematodes are

found almost everywhere but the

nematodes with which we are concerned

are soil inhabitants. These nematodes are

known to feed on living plants as parasites

and cause a variety of plant diseases. Some

of the important diseases caused by plant

parasite nematodes and their control

measures may be mentioned.

1. ROOT KNOT OF VEGETABLES:

Root knot nematodes have been

found to attack a large number of

vegetable crops in India. They are known

to cause considerable damage indepen-

dently or in association with fungal or

bacteria wilts and root rots, the common

species are MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA,

M.JAVONICA and M.ARENARIA. They

attack various crops like cucurbits,

tomato, potato, chillies, brinjals, ladys-

finger, carrot, raddish, groundnut etc. The

infected plants developed slowly and

appear stunted. The leaves turn yellow

and tend to drop, the characteristics

symptoms is the presence of spherical to

elongated galls in the main and lateral

roots. In case of potatoes, the plants are

not only stunt but may also show signs of

premature and sudden death. This may be

due to the disease occurring in a complex

form with brown rot or bacteria wilt cause

by Pseudomonas Solanacearum. The

nematode infestation on the tuber appears

as tiny tubercles but heavy infestation

leads as tiny tubercles but heavy

infestation leads to gall formation.

To control the disease, the soil

should be deep ploughed during summer

and allowed to dry. The weed present in

the field is also to be eliminated. Appli-

cation of sawdust at the rate of 25

quintals/ha. along with standard NPK

fertilizers is cheaper and equally effective

in reducing the disease. The addition of

neem cake @25 quintals/ha has been

found to reduce root knot incidence. Using

nematicides such as ALDUAILE (Temik),

PHORATE (Themit) and the Carbofuran @

4-8 kg.ai/ha. and fumigant DD @200-400

e/ha. can also control the disease.

2. CITRUS NEMATODES DISEASE:

This disease is caused by citrus

nematode TYLENCHULUS SEMIPENE-

TRANS and this nematode is present

invariably in citrus plantation all over

India especially with trees in various

stages of decline and dicback. The effected

trees are generally stunted and bear fewer

and under sized fruits which ripen

prematurely. They also exhibit dicback of

turgs. The roots of such trees are dark in

colour with shortened rootlets, swollen

and irregular in appearance. The cortex

sloughs off easily and high population of

nematodes is associated with declining

orchards, considered to be one of the

important factors in the citrus decline

complex.

This disease is very difficult to

control due to its complex nature. It can be

controlled by using Vapam at a

concentration of 100 ppm, in the field or

DD at 600 1t/ha in pits at the time of

replanting. Hot water treatment of

nursery rootstocks at 50 C for 10 minutes.

3. EAR - COCKLE OF WHEAT:

This disease is common in different

parts of northern India and it is caused by

the nematode ANGUINA TRITICI. It is

often present in association with the

yellow ear rot disease caused by the

bacterium CORYNEBACTERIUM TRITICI.

This disease causes great loss in yield and

also produced toxic effects on man and

animal if galls are consumed along with

the wheat flour. The affected plants are

dwarfed and their leaves are twisted and

crinkled. The grain in the ear are partially

or completely replaced by cockles which

are brown to black in colour. These

cockles are filled with nematode larvae.

Sometimes though the seedling may not

show any symptoms, the plant at later

stage still bear galls in their ears.

As the nematode is introduced into

new areas through galls mixed with seeds,

proper seed selection is the best method

of controlling this disease. In field where

the disease has occurred once, cultivation

of wheat should be stopped for 2-3 years

and barley and oats may be grown instead.

Nematicides DD mixture @40-100 gal/ha,

Nemaphos @10-20 gal/ha may be used to

control the nematode effectively.

4. 4. MOLYA DISEASE OF WHEAT AND

BARLEY :

This disease of wheat and barley

was first reported from Rajasthan, which

led to 50% damage to the crop.

HETERODERA AVENAE causes this

disease. The disease occurs in the field as

patches and finally the whole field is

infected. The infected plants become

dwarfed and pale. The leaves are dis-

coloured to yellow and often become

reddish from the tip. There is mild

swelling near the root tips. There is

presence of glistering white bodies (cysts)

which adhere to the roots which become

brown in a couple of weeks before

harvesting and may remain

attached to the roots or fall off in the soil

after the roots decay.

This disease can be controlled by

crop rotation avoiding cereal crops, which

will completely starve out the nematode

from the soil. The rotation can be more

effective if the land is kept fallow and dry

during summer (April-June) and the soil is

turned over once or twice to facilitate

drying. Soil fumigation with DD @300

lit/ha is reported to kill 99% of the larvae

in soil but the treatment is too costly to be

of any practical use in India.

Keimahni

A. PROMOTION :

Heng a hnuaia kan officer leh staff-te hi promotion pek an ni a, kan lawmpui hle.

Sl.No Name & Designation Promotion Post Place of Posting

1 Pu Lalchhuana Sailo, AAI AEO SDAO Office,

Bilkhawthlir

2 Pu H. Neihchhunga, AAI AEO Kawlkulh Circle

3 Pu Lalchungnunga, AAI AEO Aizawl South Circle

4 Pu V. Zamliana, AAI AEO N.Vailaiphai Circle

5 Pu Lalhmingliana, AAI AEO SDAO Office, Serchhip

6 Pu Lalchharliana, AAI AEO ITC, Hnahthial

7 Pu R. Vanlalchhuanga, AAI AEO DAO Office, Kolasib

8 Zorinsanga Sailo, Apprentice AEO Direct DAO Office, Lunglei

9 Pu K. Laltanpuia AD AAI DAO Office, Aizawl East

10 Pu John M. Hlychho, GS AAI DAO Office, Saiha

11 Pu K. Sianglinga, GS AAI DAO Office, Lunglei

12 Pu Lalramsanga, GS AAI DAO Office, Lunglei

13 Pu Zawngvela, AD AAI Phullen Circle

14 Pu Lalnunmawia, AD AAI DAO Office, Kolasib

B. TRANSFER AND POSTING

Sl.No Name & Designation Place of Transfer & Posting

1 Pu C. Lalzarliana, TO, KVK T.O., KVK, Hnahthial hna chelh chungin

Hnahthial Incharge Agril Research & Development Cell,

Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl.

2 Pu R.L.Thanzuala, Agronomist DAO, Kolasib

Directorate of Agriculture.

3 Dr. H. Saithantluanga, SMS (SS) A hna bakah I/c Agronomist,

Directorate of Agriculture. Directorate of Agriculture.

4 Pu K. Zirliana, SMS(Agro), DAO’s Office

SDAO, Bilkhawthlir Aizawl West

5 Pu Lalthanzuala SMS (Agro) SDAO, Bilkhawthlir

DAO’s Office, Aizawl West

6 Pu Lalchhuana Sailo, AEO DAO Office, Lunglei

SDAO Office, Bilkhawthlir

C. SUNNA

Pu Shivraj Gurung (Zohminga) chuan

ni 12.02.2001 khan lungphu chawlin

min boralsan a, kan ui hle.

D Ni 7-15.02.2001 -a Mizoram Sa-

wrkarin Millennium Exhibition 2001,

AR Ground-a a buatsaihah Pavillion tha

tawk leh nalh tak siamin kan tel ve a.

Lehkhabu chi hrang hrang 10,000 chu-

ang leh Farm Operation Calendar tam

tawk athlawnin mipui hnenah sem-

chhuah a ni. Agriculture Crops chi hrang

hrang, Farm Machineries and Equip-

ments chi hrang hrang leh Land Deve-

lopment hmalakna chi hrang hrang te

video-a tihchhuah Exhibit Items-ah

telha entir a ni a. Mipuiin an hlut hle a

ni.

E Ni 8-9 april 2001 khan Phaisen

khuaah leilet neitute hnenah training

pek a ni a. He training hi Pu H.

Thankhuma Deputy Director (Exten-

sion), Pu R.L. Thanzuala, Agronomist leh

Pu R.K. Nithanga, ASSO ten an hmanpui

a. Practical training - zem kual hmanga

leitha siam dan zirtir a ni bawk.

F Ni 20-21 March 2001 khan

Agriculture Conference Hall-ah Direc-

torate of Extension, Ministry of Agricul-

ture, New Delhi leh Agriculture

Department, Government of Mizoram

buatsaihin Training on Organic Farming

neih a ni a. AMFU, MHIP, CYMA, CKTP

leh Farming societies atangin trainees

100 vel an lo kal thei a. Agriculture

mithiam (resource person) ten paper

tha tak leh changtlung tak an rawn siam

te chu zirho a ni.

G Lalmuanzovi AEO chuan August

2000 khan Punjab Agricultural Uni-

versity atangin Ph.D (Plant Pathology)

tha takin a zova, kan lawmpui hle.

FIAMTHU

Naupang pakhat hian a nu hnenah, “Ka nu apple ei ka duh” a ti a. A nu chuan,

“Engatinge apple i ei duh teh tlat” a ti a. Naupang chuan, “Apple ei hian doctor a hnawt

bo an ti a ni lawm ni” a ti a. A nu chuan, “Mama, tunlai chu I hrisel laitak a lawm, a ti a.

Naupang chuan, “Ka nu, doctor tukverh darthlalang ka ti keh a…” a ti chiah chu a chal a

ri nghal fawk.